SARS-CoV-2 viral load and shedding kinetics

SARS-CoV-2 viral load and detection of infectious virus in the respiratory tract are the two key parameters for estimating infectiousness. As shedding of infectious virus is required for onward transmission, understanding shedding characteristics is relevant for public health interventions. Viral sh...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature reviews. Microbiology Jg. 21; H. 3; S. 147 - 161
Hauptverfasser: Puhach, Olha, Meyer, Benjamin, Eckerle, Isabella
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2023
Nature Publishing Group
Schlagworte:
631/326/107
631/326/596/4130
692/699/255/2514
Biomedical and Life Sciences
COVID-19
Health promotion
Humans
Immunity
Infectious Diseases
Kinetics
Life Sciences
Medical Microbiology
Microbiology
Pandemics
Parameter estimation
Parasitology
Public health
Respiratory tract
Review Article
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
Viral diseases
Viral Load
Virology
Viruses
ISSN:1740-1526, 1740-1534, 1740-1534
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:SARS-CoV-2 viral load and detection of infectious virus in the respiratory tract are the two key parameters for estimating infectiousness. As shedding of infectious virus is required for onward transmission, understanding shedding characteristics is relevant for public health interventions. Viral shedding is influenced by biological characteristics of the virus, host factors and pre-existing immunity (previous infection or vaccination) of the infected individual. Although the process of human-to-human transmission is multifactorial, viral load substantially contributed to human-to-human transmission, with higher viral load posing a greater risk for onward transmission. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have further complicated the picture of virus shedding. As underlying immunity in the population through previous infection, vaccination or a combination of both has rapidly increased on a global scale after almost 3 years of the pandemic, viral shedding patterns have become more distinct from those of ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the factors and mechanisms that influence infectious virus shedding and the period during which individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 are contagious is crucial to guide public health measures and limit transmission. Furthermore, diagnostic tools to demonstrate the presence of infectious virus from routine diagnostic specimens are needed. A better understanding of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to inform public health measures. In this Review, Puhach, Meyer and Eckerle explore insights into what influences SARS-CoV-2 shedding, how this drives transmission and the tools available to measure this and determine infectiousness.
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ISSN:1740-1526
1740-1534
1740-1534
DOI:10.1038/s41579-022-00822-w