Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia trial: design and baseline data

Importance Myopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia. Background To describe the methodology and baseline data of the Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia (STORM) trial. Design A 2‐year, school‐based, prospective...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Clinical & experimental ophthalmology Jg. 47; H. 2; S. 171 - 178
Hauptverfasser:	He, Xiangui, Sankaridurg, Padmaja, Xiong, Shuyu, Li, Wayne, Zhang, Bo, Weng, Rebecca, Zhu, Jianfeng, Naduvilath, Thomas, Resnikoff, Serge, Zou, Haidong, Xu, Xun
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Melbourne John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 01.03.2019 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Schlagworte:	Child Children China - epidemiology Cluster Analysis Female Humans Incidence intervention Male Myopia Myopia - epidemiology Myopia - prevention & control Ophthalmology outdoor Outdoors Prevalence prevention Prospective Studies Public health Recreation - physiology Refraction, Ocular Research Design Schools Surveys and Questionnaires China Shanghai China outdoor myopia intervention children prevention
ISSN:	1442-6404, 1442-9071, 1442-9071
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Abstract	Importance Myopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia. Background To describe the methodology and baseline data of the Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia (STORM) trial. Design A 2‐year, school‐based, prospective, cluster randomized trial. Participants Children from grade I and II classes of 24 schools from eight districts in Shanghai, China, were randomized to either a control group, a test group I (40‐min outdoor time/day) or test group II (80‐min outdoor time/day). Methods At baseline and annual intervals, cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length measurement will be performed. Time outdoors and light exposure will be monitored via parent/carer questionnaires and a wearable device. Main Outcome Measures Spherical equivalent, prevalence of myopia and time outdoors in each group. Results A total of 6295 eligible children (age 7.2 ± 0.7 y [6‐9 y]) were randomized to control (n = 2037), test group I (n = 2329) and test group II (n = 1929). At baseline, spherical equivalent was +0.98 ± 1.02D, +1.02 ± 1.02D and +1.00 ± 0.99D (P = 0.708), myopia prevalence was 8.9, 7.7 and 7.8% (P = 0.270) and time outdoors was 58.5 ± 35.8, 59.8 ± 34.7 and 58.5 ± 35.3 min/d (P = 0.886) for control, test groups I and II, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Myopia prevalence was high at nearly 8 to 9% in school children aged 7 years in Shanghai, China. The current trial will help evaluate if increased time outdoors has a role to play in reducing the incidence of myopia and/or slow the progression of myopia.
AbstractList	Myopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia. To describe the methodology and baseline data of the Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia (STORM) trial. A 2-year, school-based, prospective, cluster randomized trial. Children from grade I and II classes of 24 schools from eight districts in Shanghai, China, were randomized to either a control group, a test group I (40-min outdoor time/day) or test group II (80-min outdoor time/day). At baseline and annual intervals, cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length measurement will be performed. Time outdoors and light exposure will be monitored via parent/carer questionnaires and a wearable device. Spherical equivalent, prevalence of myopia and time outdoors in each group. A total of 6295 eligible children (age 7.2 ± 0.7 y [6-9 y]) were randomized to control (n = 2037), test group I (n = 2329) and test group II (n = 1929). At baseline, spherical equivalent was +0.98 ± 1.02D, +1.02 ± 1.02D and +1.00 ± 0.99D (P = 0.708), myopia prevalence was 8.9, 7.7 and 7.8% (P = 0.270) and time outdoors was 58.5 ± 35.8, 59.8 ± 34.7 and 58.5 ± 35.3 min/d (P = 0.886) for control, test groups I and II, respectively. Myopia prevalence was high at nearly 8 to 9% in school children aged 7 years in Shanghai, China. The current trial will help evaluate if increased time outdoors has a role to play in reducing the incidence of myopia and/or slow the progression of myopia. Myopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia.IMPORTANCEMyopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia.To describe the methodology and baseline data of the Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia (STORM) trial.BACKGROUNDTo describe the methodology and baseline data of the Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia (STORM) trial.A 2-year, school-based, prospective, cluster randomized trial.DESIGNA 2-year, school-based, prospective, cluster randomized trial.Children from grade I and II classes of 24 schools from eight districts in Shanghai, China, were randomized to either a control group, a test group I (40-min outdoor time/day) or test group II (80-min outdoor time/day).PARTICIPANTSChildren from grade I and II classes of 24 schools from eight districts in Shanghai, China, were randomized to either a control group, a test group I (40-min outdoor time/day) or test group II (80-min outdoor time/day).At baseline and annual intervals, cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length measurement will be performed. Time outdoors and light exposure will be monitored via parent/carer questionnaires and a wearable device.METHODSAt baseline and annual intervals, cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length measurement will be performed. Time outdoors and light exposure will be monitored via parent/carer questionnaires and a wearable device.Spherical equivalent, prevalence of myopia and time outdoors in each group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESSpherical equivalent, prevalence of myopia and time outdoors in each group.A total of 6295 eligible children (age 7.2 ± 0.7 y [6-9 y]) were randomized to control (n = 2037), test group I (n = 2329) and test group II (n = 1929). At baseline, spherical equivalent was +0.98 ± 1.02D, +1.02 ± 1.02D and +1.00 ± 0.99D (P = 0.708), myopia prevalence was 8.9, 7.7 and 7.8% (P = 0.270) and time outdoors was 58.5 ± 35.8, 59.8 ± 34.7 and 58.5 ± 35.3 min/d (P = 0.886) for control, test groups I and II, respectively.RESULTSA total of 6295 eligible children (age 7.2 ± 0.7 y [6-9 y]) were randomized to control (n = 2037), test group I (n = 2329) and test group II (n = 1929). At baseline, spherical equivalent was +0.98 ± 1.02D, +1.02 ± 1.02D and +1.00 ± 0.99D (P = 0.708), myopia prevalence was 8.9, 7.7 and 7.8% (P = 0.270) and time outdoors was 58.5 ± 35.8, 59.8 ± 34.7 and 58.5 ± 35.3 min/d (P = 0.886) for control, test groups I and II, respectively.Myopia prevalence was high at nearly 8 to 9% in school children aged 7 years in Shanghai, China. The current trial will help evaluate if increased time outdoors has a role to play in reducing the incidence of myopia and/or slow the progression of myopia.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEMyopia prevalence was high at nearly 8 to 9% in school children aged 7 years in Shanghai, China. The current trial will help evaluate if increased time outdoors has a role to play in reducing the incidence of myopia and/or slow the progression of myopia. Importance Myopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia. Background To describe the methodology and baseline data of the Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia (STORM) trial. Design A 2‐year, school‐based, prospective, cluster randomized trial. Participants Children from grade I and II classes of 24 schools from eight districts in Shanghai, China, were randomized to either a control group, a test group I (40‐min outdoor time/day) or test group II (80‐min outdoor time/day). Methods At baseline and annual intervals, cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length measurement will be performed. Time outdoors and light exposure will be monitored via parent/carer questionnaires and a wearable device. Main Outcome Measures Spherical equivalent, prevalence of myopia and time outdoors in each group. Results A total of 6295 eligible children (age 7.2 ± 0.7 y [6‐9 y]) were randomized to control (n = 2037), test group I (n = 2329) and test group II (n = 1929). At baseline, spherical equivalent was +0.98 ± 1.02D, +1.02 ± 1.02D and +1.00 ± 0.99D (P = 0.708), myopia prevalence was 8.9, 7.7 and 7.8% (P = 0.270) and time outdoors was 58.5 ± 35.8, 59.8 ± 34.7 and 58.5 ± 35.3 min/d (P = 0.886) for control, test groups I and II, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Myopia prevalence was high at nearly 8 to 9% in school children aged 7 years in Shanghai, China. The current trial will help evaluate if increased time outdoors has a role to play in reducing the incidence of myopia and/or slow the progression of myopia. ImportanceMyopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia.BackgroundTo describe the methodology and baseline data of the Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia (STORM) trial.DesignA 2‐year, school‐based, prospective, cluster randomized trial.ParticipantsChildren from grade I and II classes of 24 schools from eight districts in Shanghai, China, were randomized to either a control group, a test group I (40‐min outdoor time/day) or test group II (80‐min outdoor time/day).MethodsAt baseline and annual intervals, cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length measurement will be performed. Time outdoors and light exposure will be monitored via parent/carer questionnaires and a wearable device.Main Outcome MeasuresSpherical equivalent, prevalence of myopia and time outdoors in each group.ResultsA total of 6295 eligible children (age 7.2 ± 0.7 y [6‐9 y]) were randomized to control (n = 2037), test group I (n = 2329) and test group II (n = 1929). At baseline, spherical equivalent was +0.98 ± 1.02D, +1.02 ± 1.02D and +1.00 ± 0.99D (P = 0.708), myopia prevalence was 8.9, 7.7 and 7.8% (P = 0.270) and time outdoors was 58.5 ± 35.8, 59.8 ± 34.7 and 58.5 ± 35.3 min/d (P = 0.886) for control, test groups I and II, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceMyopia prevalence was high at nearly 8 to 9% in school children aged 7 years in Shanghai, China. The current trial will help evaluate if increased time outdoors has a role to play in reducing the incidence of myopia and/or slow the progression of myopia.
Author	Naduvilath, Thomas Li, Wayne Weng, Rebecca Zou, Haidong Resnikoff, Serge Sankaridurg, Padmaja Xiong, Shuyu Zhang, Bo Xu, Xun Zhu, Jianfeng He, Xiangui
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1038_s41433_023_02743_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajo_2025_07_015 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000024670 crossref_primary_10_1111_opo_13545 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_74348_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00417_022_05901_5 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41433_023_02558_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10633_020_09806_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ophtha_2022_06_024 crossref_primary_10_1097_ICU_0000000000000571 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00371_023_03189_y crossref_primary_10_1093_pubmed_fdae006 crossref_primary_10_1136_bjophthalmol_2019_314752 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41746_024_01204_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12967_019_2057_2 crossref_primary_10_2147_OPTH_S420631 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_025_24064_6 crossref_primary_10_1080_08820538_2022_2087474 crossref_primary_10_1111_opo_13159 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_023_07799_8 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_59602_6 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_025_04136_5 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2018840118 crossref_primary_10_1111_opo_13530 crossref_primary_10_1136_bjophthalmol_2021_319431 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10384_020_00733_4 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_1004977 crossref_primary_10_1002_14651858_CD014758_pub3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_023_15532_y crossref_primary_10_1111_aos_15002
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Snippet	Importance Myopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia. Background To... Myopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia. To describe the methodology... ImportanceMyopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia.BackgroundTo describe... Myopia is a major public health concern worldwide, while outdoor time is indicated to be protective against the onset of myopia.IMPORTANCEMyopia is a major...
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SubjectTerms	Child Children China - epidemiology Cluster Analysis Female Humans Incidence intervention Male Myopia Myopia - epidemiology Myopia - prevention & control Ophthalmology outdoor Outdoors Prevalence prevention Prospective Studies Public health Recreation - physiology Refraction, Ocular Research Design Schools Surveys and Questionnaires
Title	Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia trial: design and baseline data
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