Maternal Ferritin Levels during Pregnancy and ADHD Symptoms in 4-Year-Old Children: Results from the INMA–INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Environment and Childhood) Prospective Birth Cohort Study

Ferritin status during prenatal brain development may influence the risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in childhood. We investigated the association of maternal ferritin in pregnancy and ADHD-like symptoms in offspring. A total of 1095 mother-child pairs from three...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 17; no. 21; p. 7704
Main Authors: Santa-Marina, Loreto, Lertxundi, Nerea, Andiarena, Ainara, Irizar, Amaia, Sunyer, Jordi, Molinuevo, Amaia, Llop, Sabrina, Julvez, Jordi, Beneito, Andrea, Ibarluzea, Jesús, Imaz, Liher, Ferrin, Maite
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 22.10.2020
MDPI
Subjects:
Age
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - blood
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - epidemiology
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Body mass index
Breastfeeding & lactation
Child & adolescent psychiatry
Child, Preschool
Childhood
Children & youth
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Dopamine
Female
Ferritins - blood
Humans
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Iron
Male
Metabolism
Neuropsychology
Pathophysiology
Phlebotomy
Population
Pregnancy
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - epidemiology
Prospective Studies
Regression Analysis
Sex Factors
Spain - epidemiology
Womens health
Spain
ADHD symptoms
childhood
ferritin status
pregnancy
ISSN:1660-4601, 1661-7827, 1660-4601
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Summary:Ferritin status during prenatal brain development may influence the risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in childhood. We investigated the association of maternal ferritin in pregnancy and ADHD-like symptoms in offspring. A total of 1095 mother-child pairs from three birth cohorts of the INMA Project (Spain) were studied. Maternal plasma ferritin in pregnancy was measured at 11.57 weeks of gestation. Children′s ADHD-like symptoms at ages 4–5 years were assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. The count model of the zero-inflated Poisson regression model showed a significant inverse association between ferritin (continuous variable) and inattention, β = −0.19 (−0.32, −0.07), for boys. Comparing ferritin level by tertile, significant differences were observed between the first tertile (1.98, 20.92) and the second (20.92, 38.79) and third (38.79, 216.5) (μg/L) tertiles. The number of symptoms was lower for those in the third tertile, β = −0.3 (−0.55, −0.5), and for those in the second one, β = −0.37 (−0.6, −0.14). The model stratification by sex also showed this inverse association for boys only, β = −0.21 (−0.34, −0.08). No associations were found between ferritin level and hyperactivity or total ADHD symptoms. High ferritin levels during pregnancy show a protective association with child inattentive-type ADHD symptoms.
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ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph17217704