The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies

Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes, both in terms of alteration and their role in cellula...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 9; p. 4642
Main Authors: Juan, Celia Andrés, Pérez de la Lastra, José Manuel, Plou, Francisco J., Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 28.04.2021
MDPI
Subjects:
Animals
Disease - etiology
DNA - metabolism
DNA Damage
Endoplasmic reticulum
Enzymes
Humans
Hydrogen
Lipid Peroxidation
Lipids
Metabolism
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mitochondrial DNA
Mutation
Neutrophils - metabolism
Oxidation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Stress
Physiology
Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - metabolism
Proteins
Proteins - metabolism
Radiation
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Respiration
Review
macromolecules
oxidative stress
ROS
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes, both in terms of alteration and their role in cellular signaling and regulatory pathways. Cells produce ROS as a controlled physiological process, but increasing ROS becomes pathological and leads to oxidative stress and disease. The induction of oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of radical species and the antioxidant defense systems, which can cause damage to cellular biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA. Cellular and biochemical experiments have been complemented in various ways to explain the biological chemistry of ROS oxidants. However, it is often unclear how this translates into chemical reactions involving redox changes. This review addresses this question and includes a robust mechanistic explanation of the chemical reactions of ROS and oxidative stress.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22094642