Phytoplankton response to polystyrene microplastics: Perspective from an entire growth period

Microplastics are widely identified in aquatic environments, but their impacts on phytoplankton have not been extensively studied. Here, the responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under polystyrene (PS) microplastics exposure were studied across its whole growth period, with microplastic sizes of 0.1 an...

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Published in:	Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 208; pp. 59 - 68
Main Authors:	Mao, Yufeng, Ai, Hainan, Chen, Yi, Zhang, Zhenyu, Zeng, Peng, Kang, Li, Li, Wei, Gu, Weikang, He, Qiang, Li, Hong
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2018
Subjects:	adverse effects Aggregate algae aquatic environment cell walls Chlorella pyrenoidosa dose response Microplastics oxidative stress photosynthesis Photosynthetic activity Phytoplankton plastics polystyrenes risk Stimulation thylakoids Phytoplankton Stimulation Microplastics Photosynthetic activity Aggregate
ISSN:	0045-6535, 1879-1298, 1879-1298
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	Microplastics are widely identified in aquatic environments, but their impacts on phytoplankton have not been extensively studied. Here, the responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under polystyrene (PS) microplastics exposure were studied across its whole growth period, with microplastic sizes of 0.1 and 1.0 μm and 3 concentration gradients each, which covered (10 and 50 mg/L) and exceeded (100 mg/L) its environmental concentrations, respectively. PS microplastics caused dose-dependent adverse effects on Chlorella pyrenoidosa growth from the lag to the earlier logarithmic phases, but exhibited slight difference in the maximal inhibition ratio (approximately 38%) with respect to the two microplastic sizes. In addition to the reduced photosynthetic activity of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, unclear pyrenoids, distorted thylakoids and damaged cell membrane were observed, attributing to the physical damage and oxidative stress caused by microplastics. However, from the end of the logarithmic to the stationary phase, Chlorella pyrenoidosa could reduce the adverse effects of microplastics jointly through cell wall thickening, algae homo-aggregation and algae-microplastics hetero-aggregation, hence triggering an increase of algal photosynthetic activity and its growth, and cell structures turned to normal. Our study confirmed that PS microplastics can impair but then enhance algae growth, which will be helpful in understanding the ecological risks of microplastics. [Display omitted] •Effects of PS microplastics on algae were studied over its entire growth period.•PS microplastics caused depression but then stimulation of algal growth.•Physical damage and oxidative stress are involved in depression of algal growth.
AbstractList	Microplastics are widely identified in aquatic environments, but their impacts on phytoplankton have not been extensively studied. Here, the responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under polystyrene (PS) microplastics exposure were studied across its whole growth period, with microplastic sizes of 0.1 and 1.0 μm and 3 concentration gradients each, which covered (10 and 50 mg/L) and exceeded (100 mg/L) its environmental concentrations, respectively. PS microplastics caused dose-dependent adverse effects on Chlorella pyrenoidosa growth from the lag to the earlier logarithmic phases, but exhibited slight difference in the maximal inhibition ratio (approximately 38%) with respect to the two microplastic sizes. In addition to the reduced photosynthetic activity of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, unclear pyrenoids, distorted thylakoids and damaged cell membrane were observed, attributing to the physical damage and oxidative stress caused by microplastics. However, from the end of the logarithmic to the stationary phase, Chlorella pyrenoidosa could reduce the adverse effects of microplastics jointly through cell wall thickening, algae homo-aggregation and algae-microplastics hetero-aggregation, hence triggering an increase of algal photosynthetic activity and its growth, and cell structures turned to normal. Our study confirmed that PS microplastics can impair but then enhance algae growth, which will be helpful in understanding the ecological risks of microplastics. [Display omitted] •Effects of PS microplastics on algae were studied over its entire growth period.•PS microplastics caused depression but then stimulation of algal growth.•Physical damage and oxidative stress are involved in depression of algal growth. Microplastics are widely identified in aquatic environments, but their impacts on phytoplankton have not been extensively studied. Here, the responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under polystyrene (PS) microplastics exposure were studied across its whole growth period, with microplastic sizes of 0.1 and 1.0 μm and 3 concentration gradients each, which covered (10 and 50 mg/L) and exceeded (100 mg/L) its environmental concentrations, respectively. PS microplastics caused dose-dependent adverse effects on Chlorella pyrenoidosa growth from the lag to the earlier logarithmic phases, but exhibited slight difference in the maximal inhibition ratio (approximately 38%) with respect to the two microplastic sizes. In addition to the reduced photosynthetic activity of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, unclear pyrenoids, distorted thylakoids and damaged cell membrane were observed, attributing to the physical damage and oxidative stress caused by microplastics. However, from the end of the logarithmic to the stationary phase, Chlorella pyrenoidosa could reduce the adverse effects of microplastics jointly through cell wall thickening, algae homo-aggregation and algae-microplastics hetero-aggregation, hence triggering an increase of algal photosynthetic activity and its growth, and cell structures turned to normal. Our study confirmed that PS microplastics can impair but then enhance algae growth, which will be helpful in understanding the ecological risks of microplastics. Microplastics are widely identified in aquatic environments, but their impacts on phytoplankton have not been extensively studied. Here, the responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under polystyrene (PS) microplastics exposure were studied across its whole growth period, with microplastic sizes of 0.1 and 1.0 μm and 3 concentration gradients each, which covered (10 and 50 mg/L) and exceeded (100 mg/L) its environmental concentrations, respectively. PS microplastics caused dose-dependent adverse effects on Chlorella pyrenoidosa growth from the lag to the earlier logarithmic phases, but exhibited slight difference in the maximal inhibition ratio (approximately 38%) with respect to the two microplastic sizes. In addition to the reduced photosynthetic activity of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, unclear pyrenoids, distorted thylakoids and damaged cell membrane were observed, attributing to the physical damage and oxidative stress caused by microplastics. However, from the end of the logarithmic to the stationary phase, Chlorella pyrenoidosa could reduce the adverse effects of microplastics jointly through cell wall thickening, algae homo-aggregation and algae-microplastics hetero-aggregation, hence triggering an increase of algal photosynthetic activity and its growth, and cell structures turned to normal. Our study confirmed that PS microplastics can impair but then enhance algae growth, which will be helpful in understanding the ecological risks of microplastics.Microplastics are widely identified in aquatic environments, but their impacts on phytoplankton have not been extensively studied. Here, the responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under polystyrene (PS) microplastics exposure were studied across its whole growth period, with microplastic sizes of 0.1 and 1.0 μm and 3 concentration gradients each, which covered (10 and 50 mg/L) and exceeded (100 mg/L) its environmental concentrations, respectively. PS microplastics caused dose-dependent adverse effects on Chlorella pyrenoidosa growth from the lag to the earlier logarithmic phases, but exhibited slight difference in the maximal inhibition ratio (approximately 38%) with respect to the two microplastic sizes. In addition to the reduced photosynthetic activity of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, unclear pyrenoids, distorted thylakoids and damaged cell membrane were observed, attributing to the physical damage and oxidative stress caused by microplastics. However, from the end of the logarithmic to the stationary phase, Chlorella pyrenoidosa could reduce the adverse effects of microplastics jointly through cell wall thickening, algae homo-aggregation and algae-microplastics hetero-aggregation, hence triggering an increase of algal photosynthetic activity and its growth, and cell structures turned to normal. Our study confirmed that PS microplastics can impair but then enhance algae growth, which will be helpful in understanding the ecological risks of microplastics.
Author	Ai, Hainan Chen, Yi Gu, Weikang Zhang, Zhenyu Li, Hong Zeng, Peng Mao, Yufeng Li, Wei He, Qiang Kang, Li
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Yufeng surname: Mao fullname: Mao, Yufeng organization: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Hainan surname: Ai fullname: Ai, Hainan organization: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yi orcidid: 0000-0002-8298-0350 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yi organization: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Zhenyu surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Zhenyu organization: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Peng surname: Zeng fullname: Zeng, Peng organization: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Li surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Li organization: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Wei surname: Li fullname: Li, Wei organization: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Weikang surname: Gu fullname: Gu, Weikang organization: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China – sequence: 9 givenname: Qiang surname: He fullname: He, Qiang email: 20150188@cqu.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China – sequence: 10 givenname: Hong surname: Li fullname: Li, Hong email: hongli@cqu.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Snippet	Microplastics are widely identified in aquatic environments, but their impacts on phytoplankton have not been extensively studied. Here, the responses of...
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SubjectTerms	adverse effects Aggregate algae aquatic environment cell walls Chlorella pyrenoidosa dose response Microplastics oxidative stress photosynthesis Photosynthetic activity Phytoplankton plastics polystyrenes risk Stimulation thylakoids
Title	Phytoplankton response to polystyrene microplastics: Perspective from an entire growth period
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