The Impact of Employment Status, Income, and Occupation on the Association Between Workplace Benefits and Health‐Related Work Absences

ABSTRACT Background Workplace benefits such as paid sick leave and employer‐sponsored health insurance influence workers' ability to take time off when ill or injured. We examined whether and to what extent these workplace benefits complement each other in affecting health‐related work absences...

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Vydané v:American journal of industrial medicine Ročník 68; číslo 7; s. 598 - 606
Hlavní autori: Stimpson, Jim P., Billig, Jessica, Gurley, Tami, Liao, Joshua M.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.07.2025
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Predmet:
Absenteeism
Adult
Adults
Cross-Sectional Studies
Employee benefits
Employment
Employment - statistics & numerical data
employment status
Female
Health Benefit Plans, Employee - statistics & numerical data
Health insurance
Humans
Income
Income - statistics & numerical data
injury
Insurance
Male
Middle Aged
Occupational health
Occupations
Occupations - statistics & numerical data
Poverty
Sick leave
Sick Leave - statistics & numerical data
Surveys
United States
workplace
Workplace - statistics & numerical data
Young Adult
United States
income
absenteeism
employment status
health insurance
injury
occupations
workplace
sick leave
ISSN:0271-3586, 1097-0274, 1097-0274
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Shrnutí:ABSTRACT Background Workplace benefits such as paid sick leave and employer‐sponsored health insurance influence workers' ability to take time off when ill or injured. We examined whether and to what extent these workplace benefits complement each other in affecting health‐related work absences, and whether associations varied by employment status, income, and occupation. Methods This cross‐sectional study analyzed pooled data from the 2021 and 2023 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative survey of US adults. The sample included 31,280 employed adults. Workers were classified into four workplace benefits groups: paid sick leave only, employer‐sponsored health insurance only, both benefits, and neither benefit. The primary outcome was health‐related work absence in the past 12 months. Interaction terms assessed differences in probability of absence by employment status (full‐time vs. part‐time), income (< 400% vs. ≥ 400% of the federal poverty level), and occupation type (Management, Professional, Service, Sales, and Production). Results Compared to those with neither benefit, the probability of work absence was 7.3 points higher with employer‐sponsored health insurance only (p < 0.001), 4.6 points higher with paid sick leave only (p = 0.002), and 12.0 points higher with both benefits (p < 0.001). The association between workplace benefits and health‐related work absence varied by employment status, income level, and occupation type (p < 0.001 for all interactions). Conclusions Access to paid sick leave and health insurance increased the likelihood of taking time off due to illness or injury, with differences by employment status, income, and occupation.
Bibliografia:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:0271-3586
1097-0274
1097-0274
DOI:10.1002/ajim.23733