Multi-objective optimization of a two-echelon vehicle routing problem with vehicle synchronization and ‘grey zone’ customers arising in urban logistics

•The ’grey zone’ improves the solution above all for clustered instances.•City layouts with the city center in the middle of the city profit most.•The population-based disturbance measure performs well.•The heuristic cuboid splitting can estimate the Pareto surface for 3 objectives.•The metaheuristi...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	European journal of operational research Vol. 289; no. 3; pp. 940 - 958
Main Authors:	Anderluh, Alexandra, Nolz, Pamela C., Hemmelmayr, Vera C., Crainic, Teodor Gabriel
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 16.03.2021
Subjects:	City layout Grey zone Multiple objective programming Two-echelon VRP Vehicle synchronization Grey zone City layout Two-echelon VRP Vehicle synchronization Multiple objective programming
ISSN:	0377-2217, 1872-6860
Online Access:	Get full text
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