Millimeter-Wave Mobile Sensing and Environment Mapping: Models, Algorithms and Validation

Integrating efficient connectivity, positioning and sensing functionalities into 5G New Radio (NR) and beyond mobile cellular systems is one timely research paradigm, especially at mm-wave and sub-THz bands. In this article, we address the radio-based sensing and environment mapping prospects with s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on vehicular technology Vol. 71; no. 4; pp. 3900 - 3916
Main Authors: Baquero Barneto, Carlos, Rastorgueva-Foi, Elizaveta, Keskin, Musa Furkan, Riihonen, Taneli, Turunen, Matias, Talvitie, Jukka, Wymeersch, Henk, Valkama, Mikko
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 01.04.2022
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
5G New Radio (NR)
Algorithms
Antenna arrays
Antenna measurements
Environment models
Extended Kalman filter
Indoor mapping
joint communications and sensing
Mapping
Millimeter waves
mm-waves
mobile radar
OFDM
OFDM radar
Radar tracking
Radio
Radio frequency
Ray tracing
RF convergence
Sensors
Simultaneous localization and mapping
sub-THz
Tracking
Waveforms
ISSN:0018-9545, 1939-9359, 1939-9359
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Integrating efficient connectivity, positioning and sensing functionalities into 5G New Radio (NR) and beyond mobile cellular systems is one timely research paradigm, especially at mm-wave and sub-THz bands. In this article, we address the radio-based sensing and environment mapping prospects with specific emphasis on the user equipment (UE) side. We first describe an efficient <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\ell _1</tex-math></inline-formula>-regularized least-squares (LS) approach to obtain sparse range-angle charts at individual measurement or sensing locations. For the subsequent environment mapping, we then introduce a novel state model for mapping diffuse and specular scattering, which allows efficient tracking of individual scatterers over time using interacting multiple model (IMM) extended Kalman filter and smoother. Also the related measurement selection and data association problems are addressed. We provide extensive numerical indoor mapping results at the 28 GHz band deploying OFDM-based 5G NR uplink waveform with 400 MHz channel bandwidth, covering both accurate ray-tracing based as well as actual RF measurement results. The results illustrate the superiority of the dynamic tracking-based solutions, compared to static reference methods, while overall demonstrate the excellent prospects of radio-based mobile environment sensing and mapping in future mm-wave networks.
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ISSN:0018-9545
1939-9359
1939-9359
DOI:10.1109/TVT.2022.3146003