Unplugged versus plugged-in: examining basic programming achievement and computational thinking of 6th-grade students

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of unplugged and plugged-in activities on academic achievement and computational thinking (CT) skills of sixth-grade students. Mixed-method research was carried out to explore whether there were differences between the groups, and to learn the students...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Education and information technologies Jg. 27; H. 7; S. 9145 - 9179
Hauptverfasser:	Polat, Elif, Yilmaz, Rabia Meryem
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York Springer US 01.08.2022 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:	Academic achievement Computation Computer Appl. in Social and Behavioral Sciences Computer Science Computer Science Education Computers and Education Education Educational Technology Elementary school students Grade 6 Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet) Instructional Effectiveness Intervention Junior high school students Learning Activities Middle School Students Mixed methods research National Curriculum Problem solving Programming Quasiexperimental Design Research Design Skills Student Attitudes Students Thinking Skills User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction Computational thinking Intervention study Unplugged activities Mixed methods Plugged-in activities
ISSN:	1360-2357, 1573-7608
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
Tags:	Tag hinzufügen Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!

Abstract	The aim of this study is to compare the effects of unplugged and plugged-in activities on academic achievement and computational thinking (CT) skills of sixth-grade students. Mixed-method research was carried out to explore whether there were differences between the groups, and to learn the students' opinions and experiences regarding the practices. For the quantitative phase, a quasi-experimental design was used with two groups. For qualitative phase, 12 students were interviewed. The participants were 84 sixth-grade students (between the ages of 10 and 11). The intervention was designed on a selection/construction of activities from seven different basic programming web platforms for the plugged-in group and the proposed national curriculum unplugged activities for the unplugged group. The results showed that significant differences between groups in academic achievement favoring the unplugged activities, but not in CT skills. Development in CT skills contributed to the unplugged group's academic achievement. In addition, qualitative results showed that the plugged-in group perceived their activities as fun and entertaining, but not exactly like a lesson; in contrast, the unplugged group did not experience anxiety or boredom since they perceived the activities as educational. CT explained 27 percent of the variance in academic achievement, suggesting that this skill is important for academic achievement in basic programming. These results suggest that students can improve their academic achievement and maintain the level of CT acquisition across unplugged and plugged-in activities. This article contributes to the body of knowledge about the positive impact of unplugged activities on teaching CT and programming fundamentals.
AbstractList	The aim of this study is to compare the effects of unplugged and plugged-in activities on academic achievement and computational thinking (CT) skills of sixth-grade students. Mixed-method research was carried out to explore whether there were differences between the groups, and to learn the students' opinions and experiences regarding the practices. For the quantitative phase, a quasi-experimental design was used with two groups. For qualitative phase, 12 students were interviewed. The participants were 84 sixth-grade students (between the ages of 10 and 11). The intervention was designed on a selection/construction of activities from seven different basic programming web platforms for the plugged-in group and the proposed national curriculum unplugged activities for the unplugged group. The results showed that significant differences between groups in academic achievement favoring the unplugged activities, but not in CT skills. Development in CT skills contributed to the unplugged group's academic achievement. In addition, qualitative results showed that the plugged-in group perceived their activities as fun and entertaining, but not exactly like a lesson; in contrast, the unplugged group did not experience anxiety or boredom since they perceived the activities as educational. CT explained 27 percent of the variance in academic achievement, suggesting that this skill is important for academic achievement in basic programming. These results suggest that students can improve their academic achievement and maintain the level of CT acquisition across unplugged and plugged-in activities. This article contributes to the body of knowledge about the positive impact of unplugged activities on teaching CT and programming fundamentals.
Audience	Intermediate Grades Junior High Schools Grade 6 Middle Schools Elementary Education Secondary Education Academic
Author	Yilmaz, Rabia Meryem Polat, Elif
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Elif orcidid: 0000-0003-0134-7156 surname: Polat fullname: Polat, Elif organization: Rectorate Office, Middle East Technical University – sequence: 2 givenname: Rabia Meryem orcidid: 0000-0002-0453-1357 surname: Yilmaz fullname: Yilmaz, Rabia Meryem email: rkufrevi@atauni.edu.tr, rabia.kufrevi@gmail.com organization: Department of Software Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Ataturk University
BackLink	http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1347154$$DView record in ERIC
BookMark	eNp9kVtrFTEURoNUsK3-AUEI-Jyay8wk8a2UeqPgi30OmczOnNSZzDHJFM-_N8epFEVKHnLZa202-c7QSVwiIPSa0QtGqXyXGe2EJpRzwqjWnByeoVPWSkFkR9VJPYuOEi5a-QKd5XxHKdWy4adovY37aR1HGPA9pLxm_HAlIb7H8NPOIYY44t7m4PA-LWOy83x8sW4X4B5miAXbOGC3zPu12BKWaCdcdiF-P2KLx13ZkaoNgHNZh8rnl-i5t1OGVw_7Obr9cP3t6hO5-frx89XlDXENVYX4vpe973rwvuXQKw6gvbVK0rZxWvGBdZ6ppuet7rxQjVO0k0w5wZuBat-Lc_R261sH_7FCLuZuWVOdLxsuqVKyZZo_UqOdwITol5Ksm0N25lKythIVq9TFf6i6BpiDq3H4UN__Et5sAqTgzD6F2aaDuf7CRFOhptbVVndpyTmBNy5s_1cbh8kwao7Zmi1bU7M1v7M1h6ryf9Q_7Z-UxCblCscR0uNnPGH9Apl-uXo
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_023_12181_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s40594_023_00434_7 crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440231174355 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11423_023_10312_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tsc_2024_101537 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11423_025_10522_w crossref_primary_10_1177_07356331241249956 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_appdev_2025_101850 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tsc_2025_101879 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_caeo_2025_100252 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jecp_2023_105738 crossref_primary_10_31129_LUMAT_13_2_2547 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12869_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_023_12103_x crossref_primary_10_1177_07356331251363863 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_025_13337_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_022_11542_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11423_023_10339_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tsc_2024_101542 crossref_primary_10_3390_mti9090095
Cites_doi	10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.027 10.1007/s10639-019-09964-6 10.1787/df80bc12-en 10.3102/2F0013189X018001032 10.15388/infedu.2020.01 10.1080/10494820.2019.1612448 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.004 10.1016/0360-1315(95)00040-2 10.17265/2328-2223/2018.01.009 10.1145/1151954.1067453 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b01006 10.1046/j.1365-2729.2000.00118.x 10.17275/per.19.10.6.2 10.1016/j.compedu.2017.03.001 10.1080/08993408.2013.832022 10.1080/03004279.2022.2029924 10.1007/s40299-019-00479-9 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104353 10.2190/2FEC.49.4.b 10.20897/ejsteme/3868 10.1080/08993408.2016.1140410 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103646 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103832 10.1145/3471573 10.3390/mti6020013 10.1007/978-3-662-43454-3_34 10.17275/per.19.8.6.2 10.30935/cedtech/6205 10.7822/omuefd.34.2.5 10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.018 10.1108/ILS-05-2019-139 10.1080/0899340042000302736 10.16992/ASOS.14692 10.3102/2F0034654317710096 10.1007/s11528-016-0087-7 10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.012 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.078 10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100926 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104379 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.11.016 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104425 10.1109/EDUCON.2015.7096023 10.26634/JET.12.3.3743 10.1098/rsta.2008.0118 10.1145/3144826.3145355 10.1016/j.ijcci.2018.06.004 10.15388/infedu.2014.03 10.1080/08993408.2019.1568955 10.1007/s10643-022-01319-0 10.1080/10494820.2019.1635495 10.1145/3137065.3137069 10.1080/20004508.2019.1627844 10.1177/2F07356331211057143 10.1109/SIIE.2016.7751839 10.1007/11915355_15 10.1145/2978249.2978251 10.51388/20.500.12265/115 10.1007/978-3-540-69924-8_22 10.1145/2670757.2670774 10.1080/08993408.2020.1789411 10.2791/792158 10.1109/FIE.2008.4720362 10.1145/1118178.1118215 10.24289/ijsser.505263 10.1145/2930674.2930678 10.14527/9786052411117 10.1007/978-3-319-73417-0_12 10.1109/ICTC.2018.8539505 10.1007/s10639-019-10008-2 10.1177/21582440211016418 10.1007/11915355_5 10.1007/s10758-021-09585-4 10.1145/2818314.2818338 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106587 10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.005
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022 COPYRIGHT 2022 Springer The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.
Copyright_xml	– notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022 – notice: COPYRIGHT 2022 Springer – notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.
DBID	AAYXX CITATION 7SW BJH BNH BNI BNJ BNO ERI PET REK WWN 0-V 3V. 7XB 88B 8FK 8G5 ABUWG AFKRA AHOVV ALSLI AZQEC BENPR CCPQU CJNVE DWQXO GNUQQ GUQSH M0P M2O MBDVC PHGZM PHGZT PKEHL PQEDU PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U
DOI	10.1007/s10639-022-10992-y
DatabaseName	CrossRef ERIC ERIC (Ovid) ERIC ERIC ERIC (Legacy Platform) ERIC( SilverPlatter ) ERIC ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform) Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) ERIC ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Education Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Research Library (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Education Research Index Social Science Premium Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Education Collection ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Research Library Education Database Research Library Research Library (Corporate) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Education ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef ERIC ProQuest One Education Social Science Premium Collection Education Collection Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Education Journals ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Education Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList	ProQuest One Education ERIC
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering Education Computer Science
EISSN	1573-7608
ERIC	EJ1347154
EndPage	9179
ExternalDocumentID	A715923519 EJ1347154 10_1007_s10639_022_10992_y
GroupedDBID	-4Z -59 -5G -BR -EM -W8 -Y2 -~C .86 .GO .VR 0-V 06D 0R~ 0VY 1N0 1SB 2.D 203 28- 29G 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2LR 2P1 2VQ 2~H 30V 3V. 4.4 406 408 409 40D 40E 5GY 5QI 5VS 67Z 6NX 8G5 8TC 8UJ 95- 95. 95~ 96X AAAVM AABHQ AACDK AAHNG AAHSB AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AANZL AAOBN AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAYIU AAYOK AAYQN AAYTO AAYZH ABAKF ABBBX ABBXA ABDZT ABECU ABFTD ABFTV ABHLI ABHQN ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABKTR ABMNI ABMQK ABNWP ABOPQ ABQBU ABQSL ABSXP ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABULA ABUWG ABWNU ABXPI ACAOD ACDTI ACGFO ACGFS ACHSB ACHXU ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACOKC ACOMO ACPIV ACREN ACSNA ACYUM ACZOJ ADHHG ADHIR ADIMF ADINQ ADKNI ADKPE ADMLS ADRFC ADTPH ADURQ ADYFF ADYOE ADZKW AEBTG AEFIE AEFQL AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AETLH AEVLU AEXYK AFBBN AFEXP AFGCZ AFKRA AFLOW AFQWF AFWTZ AFYQB AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGGDS AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHBYD AHKAY AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AJBLW AJRNO AJZVZ ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALSLI ALWAN AMKLP AMTXH AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG ARALO ARMRJ ASPBG AVWKF AXYYD AYJHY AZFZN AZQEC B-. BA0 BBWZM BDATZ BENPR BGNMA BPHCQ BSONS CAG CCPQU CJNVE COF CS3 CSCUP DDRTE DL5 DNIVK DPUIP DU5 DWQXO EBLON EBS EDJ EIOEI EJD ESBYG FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNUQQ GNWQR GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GUQSH GXS H13 HF~ HG5 HG6 HMJXF HQYDN HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ I09 IAO ICD IEA IER IHE IJ- IKXTQ ITC ITM IWAJR IXC IZIGR IZQ I~X I~Z J-C J0Z JBSCW JCJTX JZLTJ KDC KOV KOW LAK LLZTM M0P M2O M4Y MA- MK~ ML~ N2Q NB0 NDZJH NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O-J O9- O93 O9G O9I O9J OAM OVD P19 P2P P9O PF0 PQEDU PQQKQ PROAC PT4 PT5 Q2X QOK QOS R-Y R4E R89 R9I RHV RNI ROL RPX RSV RZC RZD RZK S16 S1Z S26 S27 S28 S3B SAP SCJ SCLPG SCO SDH SDM SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW STPWE SZN T13 T16 TEORI TSG TSK TSV TUC U2A UG4 UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW W23 W48 WK6 WK8 YLTOR Z45 Z81 Z83 Z88 ZMTXR ~A9 ~EX AAPKM AAYXX ABBRH ABDBE ABFSG ABRTQ ACSTC ADHKG AEZWR AFDZB AFFHD AFHIU AFOHR AGQPQ AHPBZ AHWEU AIXLP ATHPR AYFIA CITATION PHGZM PHGZT 7SW BJH BNH BNI BNJ BNO ERI PET REK WWN 7XB 8FK AHOVV MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-fbb7bf6beff52eb82ee9faa87054c982d16f184b2596f384c806718c324d09fb3
IEDL.DBID	RSV
ISICitedReferencesCount	28
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000773196000002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	1360-2357
IngestDate	Tue Dec 02 15:58:27 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 13:31:58 EST 2025 Mon Nov 24 15:50:29 EST 2025 Tue Dec 02 16:40:36 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 20:40:02 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:26:24 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:44:57 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	false
IsOpenAccess	false
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	7
Keywords	Computational thinking Intervention study Unplugged activities Mixed methods Plugged-in activities
Language	English
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c408t-fbb7bf6beff52eb82ee9faa87054c982d16f184b2596f384c806718c324d09fb3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ORCID	0000-0002-0453-1357 0000-0003-0134-7156
PQID	2708875192
PQPubID	55384
PageCount	35
ParticipantIDs	proquest_journals_2708875192 gale_infotracmisc_A715923519 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A715923519 eric_primary_EJ1347154 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s10639_022_10992_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_022_10992_y springer_journals_10_1007_s10639_022_10992_y
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	20220800 2022-08-00 20220801
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2022-08-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 8 year: 2022 text: 20220800
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	New York
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: New York
PublicationSubtitle	The Official Journal of the IFIP Technical Committee on Education
PublicationTitle	Education and information technologies
PublicationTitleAbbrev	Educ Inf Technol
PublicationYear	2022
Publisher	Springer US Springer Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml	– name: Springer US – name: Springer – name: Springer Nature B.V
References	Tabachnick, Fidell (CR93) 2013 Merino-Armero, González-Calero, Cózar-Gutiérrez, del Olmo-Muñoz (CR71) 2022; 6 Sun, Hu, Zhou (CR91) 2021; 42 Weintrop, Wilensky (CR102) 2019; 142 Romero, Barberà (CR88) 2014 CR37 CR36 CR34 CR33 CR32 CR31 CR30 Kuo, Hsu (CR62) 2019; 29 Taylor, Harlow, Forret (CR94) 2010; 8 Bell, Alexander, Freeman, Grimley (CR7) 2009; 13 (CR78) 2020 Israel-Fishelson, Hershkovitz (CR49) 2022; 176 CR48 CR46 CR45 Resnick, Siegel (CR84) 2015 Pérez-Marín, Hijón-Neira, Bacelo, Pizarro (CR81) 2018 CR43 CR42 CR41 CR40 Atman Uslu, Mumcu, Eğin (CR4) 2018; 2 Kutay, Oner (CR63) 2022; 22 Lye, Koh (CR68) 2014; 41 Kalelioğlu, Gülbahar (CR52) 2018 Gal-Ezer (CR38) 1995; 25 CR59 CR56 CR55 Yadav, Hong, Stephenson (CR107) 2016; 60 CR54 Çelik, Özdener (CR25) 2019; 88 CR51 CR50 Bers (CR10) 2018; 3 Delal, Oner (CR28) 2020; 19 Creswell (CR22) 2013 Del Olmo-Muñoz, Cózar-Gutiérrez, González-Calero (CR27) 2020; 150 Papert (CR80) 1980 BuitragoFlórez, Casallas, Hernández, Reyes, Restrepo, Danies (CR18) 2017; 87 CR69 CR67 CR66 CR65 Ramadhan (CR83) 2000; 16 CR61 Karaahmetoğlu, Korkmaz (CR53) 2019; 6 Rodríguez-Martínez, González-Calero, Sáez-López (CR86) 2020; 28 Angeli, Valanides (CR1) 2020; 105 Meerbaum-Salant, Armoni, Ben-Ari (CR70) 2013; 23 Korkmaz, Çakır, Özden (CR58) 2015; 1 Sendurur (CR89) 2019; 24 CR79 CR77 Bougot-Robin, Paget, Atkins, Edel (CR13) 2016; 93 CR76 CR75 Gülbahar, Kalelioğlu (CR44) 2014; 13 CR74 CR73 CR111 CR112 Atun, Usta (CR5) 2019; 6 CR2 CR3 CR6 CR8 CR9 Meyers (CR72) 2019; 120 Lahtinen, Mutka, Jarvinen (CR64) 2005; 37 CR87 Piaget (CR82) 1977 CR85 Strnad (CR90) 2018; 6 Yıldız, Yılmaz, Yılmaz (CR110) 2017; 8 Falkner, Vivian (CR35) 2015; 25 Kim, Kim, Kim (CR57) 2013; 49 Chen, Shen, Barth-Cohen, Jiang, Huang, Eltoukhy (CR19) 2017; 109 Hsu, Chang, Hung (CR47) 2018; 126 CR16 CR15 CR14 CR12 CR11 CR99 CR98 CR96 CR95 Korkmaz, Çakır, Özden, Oluk, Sarıoğlu (CR60) 2015; 34 CR92 CR29 CR26 CR24 CR23 CR104 CR21 CR105 CR20 CR103 CR100 CR101 Gal-Ezer, Vilner, Zur (CR39) 2004; 14 Tsortanidou, Daradoumis, Barberá-Gregori (CR97) 2022; 3–13 CR108 CR109 Brown, Collins, Duguid (CR17) 1989; 18 CR106 J Gal-Ezer (10992_CR39) 2004; 14 10992_CR95 10992_CR92 JM Merino-Armero (10992_CR71) 2022; 6 10992_CR14 10992_CR15 JS Brown (10992_CR17) 1989; 18 10992_CR12 JW Creswell (10992_CR22) 2013 10992_CR98 10992_CR11 10992_CR99 10992_CR96 E Kutay (10992_CR63) 2022; 22 J Gal-Ezer (10992_CR38) 1995; 25 Y Gülbahar (10992_CR44) 2014; 13 10992_CR87 10992_CR85 L Sun (10992_CR91) 2021; 42 10992_CR2 O Meerbaum-Salant (10992_CR70) 2013; 23 10992_CR8 S Papert (10992_CR80) 1980 10992_CR9 10992_CR3 10992_CR6 10992_CR73 10992_CR112 10992_CR111 10992_CR79 10992_CR76 10992_CR77 10992_CR74 10992_CR75 J Piaget (10992_CR82) 1977 10992_CR61 SY Lye (10992_CR68) 2014; 41 10992_CR69 10992_CR67 10992_CR65 10992_CR66 D Weintrop (10992_CR102) 2019; 142 B Kim (10992_CR57) 2013; 49 C Angeli (10992_CR1) 2020; 105 MU Bers (10992_CR10) 2018; 3 N Atman Uslu (10992_CR4) 2018; 2 10992_CR50 10992_CR51 D Pérez-Marín (10992_CR81) 2018 K Karaahmetoğlu (10992_CR53) 2019; 6 10992_CR59 10992_CR56 OECD (10992_CR78) 2020 10992_CR54 10992_CR55 TC Hsu (10992_CR47) 2018; 126 Ö Korkmaz (10992_CR60) 2015; 34 A Çelik (10992_CR25) 2019; 88 T Bell (10992_CR7) 2009; 13 F Kalelioğlu (10992_CR52) 2018 W-C Kuo (10992_CR62) 2019; 29 10992_CR40 10992_CR101 10992_CR100 G Chen (10992_CR19) 2017; 109 10992_CR48 10992_CR106 10992_CR45 10992_CR109 10992_CR46 10992_CR108 10992_CR43 B Strnad (10992_CR90) 2018; 6 10992_CR103 10992_CR41 10992_CR105 10992_CR42 10992_CR104 P Sendurur (10992_CR89) 2019; 24 J Del Olmo-Muñoz (10992_CR27) 2020; 150 HA Ramadhan (10992_CR83) 2000; 16 R Israel-Fishelson (10992_CR49) 2022; 176 E Lahtinen (10992_CR64) 2005; 37 HD Yıldız (10992_CR110) 2017; 8 H Atun (10992_CR5) 2019; 6 X Tsortanidou (10992_CR97) 2022; 3–13 10992_CR36 10992_CR37 10992_CR34 10992_CR32 10992_CR33 10992_CR30 10992_CR31 JA Rodríguez-Martínez (10992_CR86) 2020; 28 10992_CR29 Ö Korkmaz (10992_CR58) 2015; 1 K Falkner (10992_CR35) 2015; 25 BG Tabachnick (10992_CR93) 2013 10992_CR26 10992_CR23 10992_CR24 A Yadav (10992_CR107) 2016; 60 10992_CR21 H Delal (10992_CR28) 2020; 19 M Taylor (10992_CR94) 2010; 8 M Romero (10992_CR88) 2014 10992_CR20 M Resnick (10992_CR84) 2015 K Bougot-Robin (10992_CR13) 2016; 93 10992_CR16 EM Meyers (10992_CR72) 2019; 120 F BuitragoFlórez (10992_CR18) 2017; 87
References_xml	– ident: CR45 – year: 2018 ident: CR81 article-title: Can computational thinking be improved by using a methodology based on metaphors and Scratch to teach computer programming to children? publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.027 – ident: CR74 – ident: CR16 – ident: CR51 – ident: CR54 – ident: CR77 – ident: CR8 – ident: CR106 – volume: 24 start-page: 3823 year: 2019 end-page: 3840 ident: CR89 article-title: Investigation of pre-service computer science Teachers’ CS-unplugged design practices publication-title: Education and Information Technologies doi: 10.1007/s10639-019-09964-6 – ident: CR42 – year: 1980 ident: CR80 publication-title: Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas – ident: CR101 – year: 2020 ident: CR78 article-title: OECD Skills Outlook 2019: Thriving in a Digital World publication-title: OECD Publishing doi: 10.1787/df80bc12-en – volume: 13 start-page: 20 issue: 1 year: 2009 end-page: 29 ident: CR7 article-title: Computer science unplugged: School students doing real computing without computers publication-title: The New Zealand Journal of Applied Computing and Information Technology – ident: CR92 – volume: 2 start-page: 19 issue: 1 year: 2018 end-page: 31 ident: CR4 article-title: Görsel programlama etkinliklerinin ortaokul öğrencilerinin bilgi-işlemsel düşünmebecerilerine etkisi publication-title: Ege Eğitim Teknolojileri Dergisi – year: 2015 ident: CR84 publication-title: A different approach to coding – ident: CR11 – volume: 18 start-page: 32 issue: 1 year: 1989 end-page: 42 ident: CR17 article-title: Situated cognition and the culture of learning publication-title: Educational Researcher doi: 10.3102/2F0013189X018001032 – volume: 19 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2020 end-page: 13 ident: CR28 article-title: Developing middle school students’ computational thinking skills using unplugged computing activities publication-title: Informatics in Education doi: 10.15388/infedu.2020.01 – ident: CR112 – ident: CR36 – ident: CR85 – ident: CR109 – volume: 28 start-page: 316 issue: 3 year: 2020 end-page: 327 ident: CR86 article-title: Computational thinking and mathematics using Scratch: An experiment with sixth-grade students publication-title: Interactive Learning Environments doi: 10.1080/10494820.2019.1612448 – volume: 126 start-page: 296 year: 2018 end-page: 310 ident: CR47 article-title: How to learn and how to teach computational thinking: Suggestions based on a review of the literature publication-title: Computers & Education doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.004 – year: 1977 ident: CR82 publication-title: The development of thought: Equilibration of cognitive structures. (Trans A. Rosin) – ident: CR100 – ident: CR66 – volume: 25 start-page: 163 issue: 3 year: 1995 end-page: 168 ident: CR38 article-title: Computer science teachers’ certification program publication-title: Computers and Education doi: 10.1016/0360-1315(95)00040-2 – ident: CR30 – ident: CR33 – ident: CR6 – volume: 6 start-page: 57 year: 2018 end-page: 60 ident: CR90 article-title: Introduction to the world of algorithmic thinking publication-title: Journal of Electrical Engineering doi: 10.17265/2328-2223/2018.01.009 – volume: 37 start-page: 14 issue: 3 year: 2005 end-page: 18 ident: CR64 article-title: A study of the difficulties of novice programmers publication-title: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin doi: 10.1145/1151954.1067453 – year: 2013 ident: CR22 publication-title: Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach – volume: 93 start-page: 1232 issue: 7 year: 2016 end-page: 1240 ident: CR13 article-title: Optimization and design of an absorbance spectrometer controlled using a raspberry pi to improve analytical skills publication-title: Journal of Chemical Education doi: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b01006 – volume: 16 start-page: 83 issue: 1 year: 2000 end-page: 94 ident: CR83 article-title: Programming by discovery publication-title: Journal of Computer Assisted Learning doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2729.2000.00118.x – ident: CR108 – ident: CR69 – volume: 6 start-page: 26 issue: 2 year: 2019 end-page: 36 ident: CR5 article-title: The effects of programming education planned with TPACK framework on learning outcomes publication-title: Participatory Educational Research doi: 10.17275/per.19.10.6.2 – volume: 109 start-page: 162 year: 2017 end-page: 175 ident: CR19 article-title: Assessing elementary students’ computational thinking in everyday reasoning and robotics programming publication-title: Computers & Education doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2017.03.001 – ident: CR103 – volume: 23 start-page: 239 issue: 3 year: 2013 end-page: 264 ident: CR70 article-title: Learning computer science concepts with Scratch publication-title: Computer Science Education doi: 10.1080/08993408.2013.832022 – ident: CR3 – volume: 3–13 start-page: 1 year: 2022 end-page: 18 ident: CR97 article-title: Unplugged computational thinking at K-6 education: Evidence from a multiple-case study in Spain publication-title: Education doi: 10.1080/03004279.2022.2029924 – volume: 29 start-page: 67 year: 2019 end-page: 83 ident: CR62 article-title: Learning computational thinking without a computer: How computational participation happens in a computational thinking board game publication-title: The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher doi: 10.1007/s40299-019-00479-9 – start-page: 183 year: 2018 end-page: 204 ident: CR52 article-title: Bilgisayarsız Bilgisayar Bilimi (B3) Öğretimi publication-title: Bilgi İşlemsel Düşünmeden Programlaya Kitabı – volume: 176 year: 2022 ident: CR49 article-title: Studying interrelations of computational thinking and creativity: A scoping review (2011–2020) publication-title: Computers & Education doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104353 – ident: CR55 – volume: 49 start-page: 437 issue: 4 year: 2013 end-page: 459 ident: CR57 article-title: Paper-and-pencil programming strategy toward computational thinking for non-majors: Design your solution publication-title: Journal of Educational Computing Research doi: 10.2190/2FEC.49.4.b – volume: 3 start-page: 08 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: CR10 article-title: Coding and Computational Thinking in Early Childhood: The Impact of ScratchJr in Europe publication-title: European Journal of STEM Education doi: 10.20897/ejsteme/3868 – ident: CR41 – ident: CR24 – year: 2013 ident: CR93 publication-title: Using Multivariate Statistics – volume: 25 start-page: 390 issue: 4 year: 2015 end-page: 429 ident: CR35 article-title: A review of computer science resources for learning and teaching with K12 computing curricula: An Australian case study publication-title: Computer Science Education doi: 10.1080/08993408.2016.1140410 – ident: CR87 – volume: 142 start-page: 103646 year: 2019 ident: CR102 article-title: Transitioning from introductory block-based and text-based environments to Professional programming languages in high school computer science classrooms publication-title: Computers & Education doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103646 – ident: CR12 – volume: 150 year: 2020 ident: CR27 article-title: Computational thinking through unplugged activities in early years of Primary Education publication-title: Computers & Education doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103832 – ident: CR111 – ident: CR29 – ident: CR61 – volume: 22 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 2022 end-page: 19 ident: CR63 article-title: Coding with Minecraft: The Development of Middle School Students’ Computational Thinking publication-title: ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE) doi: 10.1145/3471573 – volume: 6 start-page: 13 issue: 2 year: 2022 ident: CR71 article-title: Unplugged Activities in Cross-Curricular Teaching: Effect on Sixth Graders’ Computational Thinking and Learning Outcomes publication-title: Multimodal Technologies and Interaction doi: 10.3390/mti6020013 – start-page: 330 year: 2014 end-page: 336 ident: CR88 article-title: Computer-Based Creative Collaboration in Online Learning publication-title: New Horizons in Web Based Learning doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-43454-3_34 – ident: CR21 – ident: CR46 – volume: 6 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 2019 end-page: 14 ident: CR53 article-title: The effect of project-based arduino educational robot applications on students' computational thinking skills and their perception of basic stem skill levels publication-title: Participatory Educational Research doi: 10.17275/per.19.8.6.2 – ident: CR96 – ident: CR67 – ident: CR75 – ident: CR15 – volume: 8 start-page: 359 issue: 3 year: 2017 end-page: 369 ident: CR110 article-title: Examining the relationship between digital game preferences and computational thinking skills publication-title: Contremporary Educatıonal Technology doi: 10.30935/cedtech/6205 – ident: CR50 – volume: 34 start-page: 68 issue: 2 year: 2015 end-page: 87 ident: CR60 article-title: Bireylerin bilgisayarca düşünme becerilerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi publication-title: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi doi: 10.7822/omuefd.34.2.5 – ident: CR9 – ident: CR32 – volume: 105 year: 2020 ident: CR1 article-title: Developing young children's computational thinking with educational robotics: An interaction effect between gender and scaffolding strategy publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.018 – ident: CR105 – ident: CR26 – ident: CR99 – ident: CR95 – volume: 120 start-page: 254 issue: 5/6 year: 2019 end-page: 265 ident: CR72 article-title: Guest editorial publication-title: Information and Learning Sciences doi: 10.1108/ILS-05-2019-139 – ident: CR43 – volume: 14 start-page: 235 issue: 3 year: 2004 end-page: 248 ident: CR39 article-title: Teaching algorithm efficiency at CS1 Level: A different approach publication-title: Computer Science Education doi: 10.1080/0899340042000302736 – ident: CR14 – ident: CR2 – ident: CR37 – ident: CR79 – volume: 88 start-page: 651 year: 2019 end-page: 669 ident: CR25 article-title: Bilgisayarlı ve bilgisayarsız programlama etkinliklerinin güdülenme üzerindeki etkisi publication-title: Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi doi: 10.16992/ASOS.14692 – ident: CR56 – volume: 1 start-page: 67 issue: 2 year: 2015 end-page: 86 ident: CR58 article-title: Bilgisayarca Düşünme Beceri Düzeyleri Ölçeğinin (BDBD) ortaokul düzeyine uyarlanması publication-title: Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi – ident: CR40 – ident: CR98 – ident: CR104 – ident: CR23 – volume: 87 start-page: 834 issue: 4 year: 2017 end-page: 860 ident: CR18 article-title: Changing a generation’s way of thinking: teaching computational thinking through programming publication-title: Review of Educational Research doi: 10.3102/2F0034654317710096 – ident: CR48 – ident: CR73 – ident: CR65 – volume: 60 start-page: 565 issue: 6 year: 2016 end-page: 568 ident: CR107 article-title: Computational thinking for all: Pedagogical approaches to embedding 21st century problem solving in k-12 classrooms publication-title: TechTrends doi: 10.1007/s11528-016-0087-7 – ident: CR31 – volume: 41 start-page: 51 year: 2014 end-page: 61 ident: CR68 article-title: Review on teaching and learning of computational thinking through programming: What is next for K-12? publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.012 – volume: 8 start-page: 561 year: 2010 end-page: 570 ident: CR94 article-title: Using a computer programming environment and an interactive whiteboard to investigate some mathematical thinking publication-title: Procedia social and behavioral sciences doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.078 – ident: CR34 – volume: 42 year: 2021 ident: CR91 article-title: Improving 7th-graders’ computational thinking skills through unplugged programming activities: A study on the influence of multiple factors publication-title: Thinking Skills and Creativity doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100926 – ident: CR59 – ident: CR76 – volume: 13 start-page: 33 issue: 1 year: 2014 end-page: 50 ident: CR44 article-title: The effects of teaching programming via scratch on problem solving skills: A discussion from learners' perspective publication-title: Informatics in Education – ident: CR20 – ident: 10992_CR99 doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104379 – ident: 10992_CR8 – volume: 87 start-page: 834 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: 10992_CR18 publication-title: Review of Educational Research doi: 10.3102/2F0034654317710096 – volume: 150 year: 2020 ident: 10992_CR27 publication-title: Computers & Education doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103832 – volume: 6 start-page: 26 issue: 2 year: 2019 ident: 10992_CR5 publication-title: Participatory Educational Research doi: 10.17275/per.19.10.6.2 – volume: 24 start-page: 3823 year: 2019 ident: 10992_CR89 publication-title: Education and Information Technologies doi: 10.1007/s10639-019-09964-6 – ident: 10992_CR36 doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.11.016 – ident: 10992_CR96 doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104425 – ident: 10992_CR50 – volume: 23 start-page: 239 issue: 3 year: 2013 ident: 10992_CR70 publication-title: Computer Science Education doi: 10.1080/08993408.2013.832022 – ident: 10992_CR40 doi: 10.1109/EDUCON.2015.7096023 – ident: 10992_CR69 doi: 10.26634/JET.12.3.3743 – ident: 10992_CR73 – volume: 6 start-page: 57 year: 2018 ident: 10992_CR90 publication-title: Journal of Electrical Engineering doi: 10.17265/2328-2223/2018.01.009 – ident: 10992_CR104 doi: 10.1098/rsta.2008.0118 – ident: 10992_CR21 doi: 10.1145/3144826.3145355 – year: 2020 ident: 10992_CR78 publication-title: OECD Publishing doi: 10.1787/df80bc12-en – ident: 10992_CR3 – ident: 10992_CR61 – volume: 93 start-page: 1232 issue: 7 year: 2016 ident: 10992_CR13 publication-title: Journal of Chemical Education doi: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b01006 – ident: 10992_CR23 – volume-title: Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas year: 1980 ident: 10992_CR80 – volume: 120 start-page: 254 issue: 5/6 year: 2019 ident: 10992_CR72 publication-title: Information and Learning Sciences doi: 10.1108/ILS-05-2019-139 – volume: 29 start-page: 67 year: 2019 ident: 10992_CR62 publication-title: The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher doi: 10.1007/s40299-019-00479-9 – ident: 10992_CR87 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcci.2018.06.004 – volume: 13 start-page: 33 issue: 1 year: 2014 ident: 10992_CR44 publication-title: Informatics in Education doi: 10.15388/infedu.2014.03 – volume: 105 year: 2020 ident: 10992_CR1 publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.018 – ident: 10992_CR41 doi: 10.1080/08993408.2019.1568955 – ident: 10992_CR101 – volume: 88 start-page: 651 year: 2019 ident: 10992_CR25 publication-title: Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi doi: 10.16992/ASOS.14692 – ident: 10992_CR43 – ident: 10992_CR65 doi: 10.1007/s10643-022-01319-0 – ident: 10992_CR85 – ident: 10992_CR66 – ident: 10992_CR79 doi: 10.1080/10494820.2019.1635495 – ident: 10992_CR24 – ident: 10992_CR14 doi: 10.1145/3137065.3137069 – volume: 42 year: 2021 ident: 10992_CR91 publication-title: Thinking Skills and Creativity doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100926 – volume: 28 start-page: 316 issue: 3 year: 2020 ident: 10992_CR86 publication-title: Interactive Learning Environments doi: 10.1080/10494820.2019.1612448 – volume: 8 start-page: 359 issue: 3 year: 2017 ident: 10992_CR110 publication-title: Contremporary Educatıonal Technology doi: 10.30935/cedtech/6205 – ident: 10992_CR77 doi: 10.1080/20004508.2019.1627844 – ident: 10992_CR46 – volume: 25 start-page: 390 issue: 4 year: 2015 ident: 10992_CR35 publication-title: Computer Science Education doi: 10.1080/08993408.2016.1140410 – volume: 126 start-page: 296 year: 2018 ident: 10992_CR47 publication-title: Computers & Education doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.004 – volume: 1 start-page: 67 issue: 2 year: 2015 ident: 10992_CR58 publication-title: Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi – ident: 10992_CR112 doi: 10.1177/2F07356331211057143 – ident: 10992_CR109 – volume: 41 start-page: 51 year: 2014 ident: 10992_CR68 publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.012 – ident: 10992_CR74 – ident: 10992_CR32 – volume: 14 start-page: 235 issue: 3 year: 2004 ident: 10992_CR39 publication-title: Computer Science Education doi: 10.1080/0899340042000302736 – ident: 10992_CR15 doi: 10.1109/SIIE.2016.7751839 – ident: 10992_CR37 doi: 10.1007/11915355_15 – ident: 10992_CR16 – ident: 10992_CR67 doi: 10.1145/2978249.2978251 – year: 2018 ident: 10992_CR81 publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.027 – ident: 10992_CR29 doi: 10.51388/20.500.12265/115 – ident: 10992_CR45 – volume: 176 year: 2022 ident: 10992_CR49 publication-title: Computers & Education doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104353 – ident: 10992_CR76 doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-69924-8_22 – ident: 10992_CR33 doi: 10.1145/2670757.2670774 – ident: 10992_CR54 – ident: 10992_CR48 doi: 10.1080/08993408.2020.1789411 – ident: 10992_CR12 doi: 10.2791/792158 – ident: 10992_CR26 doi: 10.1109/FIE.2008.4720362 – ident: 10992_CR31 – ident: 10992_CR103 doi: 10.1145/1118178.1118215 – volume: 19 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10992_CR28 publication-title: Informatics in Education doi: 10.15388/infedu.2020.01 – ident: 10992_CR111 doi: 10.24289/ijsser.505263 – volume: 22 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 2022 ident: 10992_CR63 publication-title: ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE) doi: 10.1145/3471573 – ident: 10992_CR106 – ident: 10992_CR100 doi: 10.1145/2930674.2930678 – volume: 49 start-page: 437 issue: 4 year: 2013 ident: 10992_CR57 publication-title: Journal of Educational Computing Research doi: 10.2190/2FEC.49.4.b – volume: 13 start-page: 20 issue: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10992_CR7 publication-title: The New Zealand Journal of Applied Computing and Information Technology – volume: 109 start-page: 162 year: 2017 ident: 10992_CR19 publication-title: Computers & Education doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2017.03.001 – volume: 16 start-page: 83 issue: 1 year: 2000 ident: 10992_CR83 publication-title: Journal of Computer Assisted Learning doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2729.2000.00118.x – ident: 10992_CR34 – volume: 60 start-page: 565 issue: 6 year: 2016 ident: 10992_CR107 publication-title: TechTrends doi: 10.1007/s11528-016-0087-7 – ident: 10992_CR42 doi: 10.14527/9786052411117 – volume-title: A different approach to coding year: 2015 ident: 10992_CR84 – volume: 3–13 start-page: 1 year: 2022 ident: 10992_CR97 publication-title: Education doi: 10.1080/03004279.2022.2029924 – ident: 10992_CR30 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-73417-0_12 – ident: 10992_CR6 – ident: 10992_CR105 – start-page: 330 volume-title: New Horizons in Web Based Learning year: 2014 ident: 10992_CR88 doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-43454-3_34 – volume: 6 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 2019 ident: 10992_CR53 publication-title: Participatory Educational Research doi: 10.17275/per.19.8.6.2 – ident: 10992_CR95 – ident: 10992_CR51 doi: 10.1109/ICTC.2018.8539505 – volume: 6 start-page: 13 issue: 2 year: 2022 ident: 10992_CR71 publication-title: Multimodal Technologies and Interaction doi: 10.3390/mti6020013 – volume: 8 start-page: 561 year: 2010 ident: 10992_CR94 publication-title: Procedia social and behavioral sciences doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.078 – ident: 10992_CR108 doi: 10.1007/s10639-019-10008-2 – volume: 34 start-page: 68 issue: 2 year: 2015 ident: 10992_CR60 publication-title: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi doi: 10.7822/omuefd.34.2.5 – ident: 10992_CR20 – start-page: 183 volume-title: Bilgi İşlemsel Düşünmeden Programlaya Kitabı year: 2018 ident: 10992_CR52 – volume: 142 start-page: 103646 year: 2019 ident: 10992_CR102 publication-title: Computers & Education doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103646 – ident: 10992_CR98 – volume: 18 start-page: 32 issue: 1 year: 1989 ident: 10992_CR17 publication-title: Educational Researcher doi: 10.3102/2F0013189X018001032 – ident: 10992_CR56 doi: 10.1177/21582440211016418 – volume-title: The development of thought: Equilibration of cognitive structures. (Trans A. Rosin) year: 1977 ident: 10992_CR82 – volume: 3 start-page: 08 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10992_CR10 publication-title: European Journal of STEM Education doi: 10.20897/ejsteme/3868 – ident: 10992_CR92 doi: 10.1007/11915355_5 – ident: 10992_CR55 doi: 10.1007/s10758-021-09585-4 – ident: 10992_CR9 – ident: 10992_CR75 doi: 10.1145/2818314.2818338 – ident: 10992_CR2 doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106587 – ident: 10992_CR59 doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.005 – volume: 37 start-page: 14 issue: 3 year: 2005 ident: 10992_CR64 publication-title: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin doi: 10.1145/1151954.1067453 – volume-title: Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach year: 2013 ident: 10992_CR22 – volume-title: Using Multivariate Statistics year: 2013 ident: 10992_CR93 – volume: 2 start-page: 19 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 10992_CR4 publication-title: Ege Eğitim Teknolojileri Dergisi – ident: 10992_CR11 – volume: 25 start-page: 163 issue: 3 year: 1995 ident: 10992_CR38 publication-title: Computers and Education doi: 10.1016/0360-1315(95)00040-2
SSID	ssj0009742
Score	2.4164596
Snippet	The aim of this study is to compare the effects of unplugged and plugged-in activities on academic achievement and computational thinking (CT) skills of...
SourceID	proquest gale eric crossref springer
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher
StartPage	9145
SubjectTerms	Academic achievement Computation Computer Appl. in Social and Behavioral Sciences Computer Science Computer Science Education Computers and Education Education Educational Technology Elementary school students Grade 6 Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet) Instructional Effectiveness Intervention Junior high school students Learning Activities Middle School Students Mixed methods research National Curriculum Problem solving Programming Quasiexperimental Design Research Design Skills Student Attitudes Students Thinking Skills User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: Education Database dbid: M0P link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Nb9QwEB1B4QAHPgoVgYJ8QOoBLBInm9hcqgq1qiq16qGVerNsx25XarNLk0X03zPj9Xa7IHrpMfE4sTTjmbE9fg_gs0SvaJTLOaa2hldFaLhxyvK8sqIdhdpYYyLZRHN0JM_O1HHacOtTWeXCJ0ZH3U4c7ZF_Ew3NB8w3xPb0JyfWKDpdTRQaj-EJJsqKLPwwP16C7jaRPKco65wTrEu6NJOuzmFs5lTLTmdDgt-sBKZU-_y3l_7nuDRGob2XDx3_K3iR8k-2MzeY1_DId-tE3ZzKPNbh-R2EwjcwO-2ml7Pzc98yqt-Y9Sw98nH3nfnf5ioSTDAMhmPHUrHXFb2hIk0fwcgHZrqWuUgfkbYe2XAx52xgk8Dq4YJjt9azfg602b-F073dkx_7PDE1cFflcuDB2saG2voQRsJbKbxXwRj0BaPKKSnaog64lLS41qpDKSsnMUgW0mE21-Yq2HID1rpJ598BKxsvK-VRKXWJzsWoZhQE-gYUxrVgW2ZQLNSkXYIxJzaNS70EYCbValStjqrVNxl8ue0znYN43Cu9Qdq_ldw9oOu2mGpmsEX2oGnq4y-dSTcYcOAEoqV3UAjzZdRxBpsrkjhl3WrzwkZ0chm9XhpIBl8XVrZs_v9439__tQ_wTJCZx6LFTVgbrmf-Izx1v4Zxf_0pTpg__Ywabw priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest
Title	Unplugged versus plugged-in: examining basic programming achievement and computational thinking of 6th-grade students
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10639-022-10992-y http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1347154 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2708875192
Volume	27
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000773196000002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLink customDbUrl: eissn: 1573-7608 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009742 issn: 1360-2357 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Nb9QwEB3RlgMcWlioGmhXPiBxAEuJk00cbgVthZBYVoWi3iLbsduV2rRqsoj--854nW63fEhwiZR4kljOeGYcz7wH8EqiVVSliTmGtopniSu4MqXmcaZFPXK50kp5soliMpHHx-U0FIW1fbZ7vyXpLfWdYjf0ppyyz2k3R_DrNdhAdyeJsOHw6_cl1G7hKXOSNI85gbmEUpnfP2PFHYWM5_u2-ZdNUu97Drb-r9dPYDPEmmx_oRxP4YFtBrDV8ziwMK0HxNwcsjwG8PgOQOEzmB81l2fzkxNbM0rfmLcsnPJZ847Zn-rc80sw9IUzw0Ku1zldoRxN67HIO6aamhn_1vDnkXWnC8oGduFY3p1yvK22rF3gbLbP4ehg_O3DRx6IGrjJYtlxp3WhXa6tcyNhtRTWlk4pNAWjzJRS1EnucCWpcamVu1RmRqKPTKTBYK6OS6fTbVhvLhq7AywtrMxKi2OVp2hbVFmMnEDTgMK4FKzTCJL-e1UmoJgTmcZZtcRfphGvcMQrP-LVdQRvbu-5XGB4_FV6m9TgVnL8iaptMdKM4DUpRkUzH19pVChgwI4Thla1j0IYLmNIHMHuiiTOWLPa3KtWFSxGW4mC7D22igje9qq0bP5zf1_8m_hLeCRIG30O4y6sd1dzuwcPzY9u1l4NYeP9eDI9HMLa53hKR_Fl6GfXDSNuGvM
linkProvider	Springer Nature
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6VggQceBQqAgV8AHEAi8TJ5oGEUAWtWloWDq3Um2s7drtSm12aLLB_it_ITOJ0WRC99cAxyeSh5PN4Jv5mPoBnOXpFVZiQY2ireBK5jCtTaB4mWpQDlyqtVCs2kQ2H-cFB8WUJfva1MESr7H1i66jLsaF_5K9FRuMB4w3xbvKVk2oUra72EhodLHbs7DumbPXb7Q_4fZ8Lsbmx936Le1UBbpIwb7jTOtMu1da5gbA6F9YWTinE7SAxRS7KKHWY9mjMC1IX54nJ0aFHucHIowwLp2O87hW4mlAmRFRB8Xne5DdrxXqiOA05tZHxRTq-VA9jAU7ceVqLEny2MBF6rvWfs8Jfy7PtrLd5-397X3fglo-v2Xo3IO7Ckq1WSJra01hW4OZvHRjvwXS_mpxMj45syYifMq2Z3-Sj6g2zP9RpK6DBcLIfGebJbKe0h0iotm223jBVlcy08hj-1yprjjtNCjZ2LG2OOZ5WWlZ3jUTr-7B_Ke9gFZarcWUfAIszmyeFRRCkMTpPVWQDJ9D3oTHmumUcQNTDQhrfpp3UQk7kvME0QUkilGQLJTkL4OX5OZOuScmF1quEtnPLjY9UToyhdAAvCH-SXBve0ihfoYEPTk3C5DoaYT6AmApgbcESXZJZPNxjUnqXWMs5IAN41aN6fvjfz_vw4qs9hetbe5925e72cOcR3BA0xFqC5hosN2dT-xiumW_NqD570g5WBoeXjfZfYoV4cg
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6VFCE48ChUGArsAcQBVrXXjh9ICBWaiFIURYhKvZnd9W4bqXVC7QD5a_w6Zux1Q0D01gNH2-OH7G9nZ7zfzAfwNEWvKDPtcwxtJY8Cm3CpM8X9SImib2OppGzEJpLRKD08zMZr8LOrhSFaZecTG0ddTDX9I98WCY0HjDfEtnW0iPHu8M3sKycFKVpp7eQ0Wojsm8V3TN-q13u7-K2fCTEcfH73njuFAa4jP625VSpRNlbG2r4wKhXGZFZKxHA_0lkqiiC2mAIpzBFiG6aRTtG5B6nGKKTwM6tCvO4VWE8wyIh6sP52MBp_Wrb8TRrpniCMfU5NZVzJjivcw8iAE5OeVqYEX6xMi455_ecc8ddibTMHDm_9z2_vNtx0kTfbaYfKHVgz5QaJVjuCywbc-K03412YH5Szk_nRkSkYMVfmFXObfFK-YuaHPG2kNRiGARPNHM3tlPYQPdU0bdhrJsuC6UY4w_10ZfVxq1bBppbF9THH0wrDqrbFaHUPDi7lHWxCr5yW5j6wMDFplBkERByiW5VZ0rcCvSIaYxZchB4EHURy7Rq4k47ISb5sPU2wyhFWeQOrfOHBi_NzZm37kgutNwl555aDD1RojEG2B88Jizk5Pbyllq52Ax-c2oflO2iEmQLiy4OtFUt0Vnr1cIfP3DnLKl-C04OXHcKXh__9vA8uvtoTuIYgzz_ujfYfwnVBo61hbm5Brz6bm0dwVX-rJ9XZYzdyGXy5bLj_Ag1ygo8
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Unplugged+versus+Plugged-In%3A+Examining+Basic+Programming+Achievement+and+Computational+Thinking+of+6th-Grade+Students&rft.jtitle=Education+and+information+technologies&rft.au=Polat%2C+Elif&rft.au=Yilmaz%2C+Rabia+Meryem&rft.date=2022-08-01&rft.pub=Springer&rft.issn=1360-2357&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=9145&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10639-022-10992-y&rft.externalDocID=EJ1347154
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1360-2357&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1360-2357&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1360-2357&client=summon