Advances in the study of LNPs for mRNA delivery and clinical applications

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was discovered in 1961 as an intermediary for transferring genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis. The COVID-19 pandemic brought worldwide attention to mRNA vaccines. The emergency use authorization of two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 an...

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Vydáno v:Virus genes Ročník 60; číslo 6; s. 577 - 591
Hlavní autoři: Wang, Bili, Shen, Biao, Xiang, Wenqing, Shen, Hongqiang
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: New York Springer US 01.12.2024
Springer Nature B.V
Témata:
2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
Biocompatibility
Biodegradability
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cardiovascular diseases
Cell size
Cholesterol
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 infection
COVID-19 vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
DNA
DNA biosynthesis
DNA vaccines
Drug delivery
Drug development
genes
Humans
Infectious diseases
Lipid bilayers
Lipids - chemistry
Liposomes
liver
Liver cancer
Liver diseases
Medical Microbiology
mRNA
mRNA Vaccines
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles - chemistry
pH effects
Phospholipids
Plant Sciences
Polyethylene glycol
Protein biosynthesis
protein synthesis
Review Paper
Ribosomes
RNA
RNA, Messenger - genetics
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
therapeutics
Transcription
Vaccine development
Vaccine efficacy
vaccines
Vascular diseases
Virology
viruses
mRNA vaccines
mRNA delivery
LNPs
Clinical applications
ISSN:0920-8569, 1572-994X, 1572-994X
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Shrnutí:Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was discovered in 1961 as an intermediary for transferring genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis. The COVID-19 pandemic brought worldwide attention to mRNA vaccines. The emergency use authorization of two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, were major achievements in the history of vaccine development. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), one of the most superior non-viral delivery vectors available, have made many exciting advances in clinical translation as part of the COVID-19 vaccine and therefore has the potential to accelerate the clinical translation of many gene drugs. In addition, due to these small size, biocompatibility and excellent biodegradability, LNPs can efficiently deliver nucleic acids into cells, which is particularly important for current mRNA therapeutic regimens. LNPs are composed cationic or pH-dependent ionizable lipid bilayer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), phospholipids, and cholesterol, represents an advanced system for the delivery of mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, optimization of these four components constituting the LNPs have demonstrated enhanced vaccine efficacy and diminished adverse effects. The incorporation of biodegradable lipids enhance the biocompatibility of LNPs, thereby improving its potential as an efficacious therapeutic approach for a wide range of challenging and intricate diseases, encompassing infectious diseases, liver disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular conditions, among others. Consequently, this review aims to furnish the scientific community with the most up-to-date information regarding mRNA vaccines and LNP delivery systems.
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ISSN:0920-8569
1572-994X
1572-994X
DOI:10.1007/s11262-024-02102-6