Endornaviruses: persistent dsRNA viruses with symbiotic properties in diverse eukaryotes

Endornaviruses are unique, persistent, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses with symbiotic properties that infect diverse eukaryotes, such as plants, fungi, and oomycetes. Endornaviruses contain a linear dsRNA genome of approximately 10 to 17 kbp in length and are classified in the family Endornaviri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Virus genes Vol. 55; no. 2; pp. 165 - 173
Main Author: Fukuhara, Toshiyuki
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.04.2019
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Alphaendornavirus
Amino acids
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell division
chronic diseases
Copy number
DNA helicase
DNA-directed RNA polymerase
Double-stranded RNA
eukaryotic cells
Fungi
Gametes
Genera
genome
Genomes
germ cells
Host plants
Life cycles
Medical Microbiology
Oomycetes
open reading frames
Plant Sciences
Plant viruses
Propagation
RNA helicase
RNA helicases
RNA interference
RNA polymerase
RNA viruses
RNA-directed RNA polymerase
RNA-mediated interference
Virology
Viruses
Endornavirus
Persistent virus
Asymptomatic infection
RNA silencing
DsRNA virus
Oryza sativa endornavirus
ISSN:0920-8569, 1572-994X, 1572-994X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Endornaviruses are unique, persistent, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses with symbiotic properties that infect diverse eukaryotes, such as plants, fungi, and oomycetes. Endornaviruses contain a linear dsRNA genome of approximately 10 to 17 kbp in length and are classified in the family Endornaviridae , which consists of two genera, Alphaendornavirus and Betaendornavirus . The endornaviruses encode a single long open reading frame encoding approximately 3200 to 5800 amino acid residues of conserved viral RNA helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains, and some endornaviruses contain a site-specific nick in the coding strand of their dsRNA genome. Acute plant viruses propagate rapidly and systemically, eventually killing the host plant, and are then transmitted horizontally. In contrast, plant endornaviruses have several common persistent (symbiotic) properties: a stable low copy number in the host plant, no obvious effect on the host plant, and efficient vertical transmission via gametes. Plant endornaviruses are likely maintained within host plants for hundreds of generations, so the host must stringently regulate their propagation. Whereas RNA silencing functions as a defense system against acute viruses in plants, it may be necessary for the persistent infection (symbiotic life cycle) of endornaviruses. This process includes the stringent regulation of low virus copy number (steady replication before every host cell division) and efficient vertical transmission of the virus to the next generation.
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ISSN:0920-8569
1572-994X
1572-994X
DOI:10.1007/s11262-019-01635-5