An improved scheme for data hiding in encrypted H.264/AVC videos

•The embedding is done on encrypted H.264/AVC data without knowing the decryption key.•The paired code-word substitution and multiple-base notational system are exploited.•Both encryption and data embedding keep the bit-rate intact.•Data extraction can be carried out either in encrypted or decrypted...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of visual communication and image representation Vol. 36; pp. 229 - 242
Main Authors: Xu, Dawen, Wang, Rangding, Shi, Yun Q.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Inc 01.04.2016
Subjects:
Code-word pair
Code-word substitution
Coding
Context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC)
Data embedding capacity
Data extraction
Data hiding
Embedded systems
Encrypted domain
Encryption
H.264/AVC
Redundancy
Representations
Statistical analysis
Video data
Visual
Code-word substitution
Encrypted domain
Code-word pair
Data hiding
Context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC)
Data embedding capacity
H.264/AVC
Data extraction
ISSN:1047-3203, 1095-9076
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:•The embedding is done on encrypted H.264/AVC data without knowing the decryption key.•The paired code-word substitution and multiple-base notational system are exploited.•Both encryption and data embedding keep the bit-rate intact.•Data extraction can be carried out either in encrypted or decrypted domain. Recently, a novel scheme to hide data into encrypted H.264/AVC videos using code-word substitution has been proposed by Xu et al. However, the statistical analysis of CAVLC code-words demonstrate that Xu et al.’s work does not fully exploit redundancy existing in CAVLC code-word for data embedding. In this paper, an improved version of Xu et al.’s data hiding method in encrypted H.264/AVC videos is proposed. Specifically, when suffixLength is equal to 1, data embedding is performed by paired code-word substitution. When suffixLength is greater than 2, not the single code-word substitution but the multiple-based notational system is adopted for data embedding. Experimental results have demonstrated that the improved method is indeed capable of providing a larger embedding capacity in comparison with Xu et al.’s method. Moreover, both encryption and data embedding can be accomplished without affecting the coding efficiency of H.264/AVC by keeping exactly the same bitrate.
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ISSN:1047-3203
1095-9076
DOI:10.1016/j.jvcir.2016.02.002