Predictive Coding with Neural Transmission Delays: A Real-Time Temporal Alignment Hypothesis

Hierarchical predictive coding is an influential model of cortical organization, in which sequential hierarchical levels are connected by backward connections carrying predictions, as well as forward connections carrying prediction errors. To date, however, predictive coding models have largely negl...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:eNeuro Vol. 6; no. 2; p. ENEURO.0412-18.2019
Main Authors: Hogendoorn, Hinze, Burkitt, Anthony N.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Society for Neuroscience 01.03.2019
Subjects:
Brain - physiology
Humans
Illusions - physiology
Models, Neurological
Motion Perception - physiology
Synaptic Transmission - physiology
Theory/New Concepts
prediction
extrapolation
alignment
predictive coding
neural delays
temporal
ISSN:2373-2822, 2373-2822
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Hierarchical predictive coding is an influential model of cortical organization, in which sequential hierarchical levels are connected by backward connections carrying predictions, as well as forward connections carrying prediction errors. To date, however, predictive coding models have largely neglected to take into account that neural transmission itself takes time. For a time-varying stimulus, such as a moving object, this means that backward predictions become misaligned with new sensory input. We present an extended model implementing both forward and backward extrapolation mechanisms that realigns backward predictions to minimize prediction error. This realignment has the consequence that neural representations across all hierarchical levels become aligned in real time. Using visual motion as an example, we show that the model is neurally plausible, that it is consistent with evidence of extrapolation mechanisms throughout the visual hierarchy, that it predicts several known motion–position illusions in human observers, and that it provides a solution to the temporal binding problem.
AbstractList Hierarchical predictive coding is an influential model of cortical organization, in which sequential hierarchical levels are connected by backward connections carrying predictions, as well as forward connections carrying prediction errors. To date, however, predictive coding models have largely neglected to take into account that neural transmission itself takes time. For a time-varying stimulus, such as a moving object, this means that backward predictions become misaligned with new sensory input. We present an extended model implementing both forward and backward extrapolation mechanisms that realigns backward predictions to minimize prediction error. This realignment has the consequence that neural representations across all hierarchical levels become aligned in real time. Using visual motion as an example, we show that the model is neurally plausible, that it is consistent with evidence of extrapolation mechanisms throughout the visual hierarchy, that it predicts several known motion-position illusions in human observers, and that it provides a solution to the temporal binding problem.Hierarchical predictive coding is an influential model of cortical organization, in which sequential hierarchical levels are connected by backward connections carrying predictions, as well as forward connections carrying prediction errors. To date, however, predictive coding models have largely neglected to take into account that neural transmission itself takes time. For a time-varying stimulus, such as a moving object, this means that backward predictions become misaligned with new sensory input. We present an extended model implementing both forward and backward extrapolation mechanisms that realigns backward predictions to minimize prediction error. This realignment has the consequence that neural representations across all hierarchical levels become aligned in real time. Using visual motion as an example, we show that the model is neurally plausible, that it is consistent with evidence of extrapolation mechanisms throughout the visual hierarchy, that it predicts several known motion-position illusions in human observers, and that it provides a solution to the temporal binding problem.
Hierarchical predictive coding is an influential model of cortical organization, in which sequential hierarchical levels are connected by backward connections carrying predictions, as well as forward connections carrying prediction errors. To date, however, predictive coding models have largely neglected to take into account that neural transmission itself takes time. For a time-varying stimulus, such as a moving object, this means that backward predictions become misaligned with new sensory input. We present an extended model implementing both forward and backward extrapolation mechanisms that realigns backward predictions to minimize prediction error. This realignment has the consequence that neural representations across all hierarchical levels become aligned in real time. Using visual motion as an example, we show that the model is neurally plausible, that it is consistent with evidence of extrapolation mechanisms throughout the visual hierarchy, that it predicts several known motion–position illusions in human observers, and that it provides a solution to the temporal binding problem.
Author Hogendoorn, Hinze
Burkitt, Anthony N.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Hinze
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8499-8394
  surname: Hogendoorn
  fullname: Hogendoorn, Hinze
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Anthony N.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5672-2772
  surname: Burkitt
  fullname: Burkitt, Anthony N.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31064839$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9UUtrGzEQFiUhTlL_gkLRsZd1R9I-tD0UjOM0hZCUYN8CQqudtVV2JXe1TvG_r4yT4uSQ04iZ7zGa74KcOO-QkE8MJizj4uv8br58uJ9AynjC5IQDKz-Qcy4KkXDJ-cnRe0TGIfwGAJbzgkl2RkaCQZ5KUZ6Tx1891tYM9gnpzNfWrehfO6zpHW573dJFr13obAjWO3qFrd6Fb3RKH1C3ycJ2SBfYbfweOW3tynXoBnqz2_hhjcGGj-S00W3A8XO9JMvr-WJ2k9ze__g5m94mJoVsSPK8EkanuslAa1lWlYYC0iJlUNZg0BSNKZgxEpsmrVmVaahyXRmTxz4yWYtL8v2gu9lWHdYmbhFXUpvedrrfKa-tej1xdq1W_knlGeSSp1Hgy7NA7_9sMQwq_tlg22qHfhsU54LJMisziNDPx17_TV5OGgHlAWB6H0KPjTJ20EM8YLS2rWKg9gmqQ4Jqn6BiUu0TjFzxhvsi_x7rH-uWoXs
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neunet_2022_03_021
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physa_2022_128269
crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics11182969
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCDS_2023_3317330
crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_022_04049_6
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSII_2022_3227121
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pbio_3003189
crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2013962118
crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci13010068
crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_85301
crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0128956
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cogpsych_2024_101643
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2023_120347
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tics_2021_11_003
crossref_primary_10_3389_fncom_2022_890447
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bandc_2023_105956
crossref_primary_10_3389_fncom_2023_1269019
crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1917777117
crossref_primary_10_3389_fncom_2023_1164595
crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_82424
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bandc_2025_106351
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00422_023_00975_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2021_04_002
crossref_primary_10_1038_s42256_020_0170_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tics_2021_07_017
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12369_024_01105_5
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1011457
crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_0135_23_2023
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2021_118787
crossref_primary_10_1080_01691864_2023_2225232
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1013059
crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_2013_21_2021
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0140525X19001298
crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_2017_20_2021
Cites_doi 10.1167/19.1.3
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1212-15.2015
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1460-13.2014
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5630-10.2011
10.1098/rspb.1998.0475
10.1007/s00429-012-0475-5
10.1088/0954-898X/6/2/003
10.1073/pnas.1500361112
10.1167/16.12.1266
10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.032
10.1016/j.visres.2013.07.007
10.1038/18678
10.1038/370256b0
10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.042
10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.08.003
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00548
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563456.003.0014
10.1016/j.bandc.2015.11.003
10.1152/jn.00499.2013
10.1016/j.visres.2015.05.005
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03351.1996
10.1038/nature12989
10.1038/349154a0
10.1155/2010/621670
10.1152/jn.00847.2011
10.1007/s00422-012-0477-7
10.1126/science.287.5460.2036
10.1167/7.4.3
10.1126/science.3283936
10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00279-X
10.1152/jn.00792.2017
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5208-12.2013
10.1111/nous.12062
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0736-18.2018
10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.1
10.1038/s41593-018-0200-7
10.1016/j.neuron.2007.09.002
10.1093/cercor/1.1.1-a
10.1007/BF00198477
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-18-07511.1998
10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008455
10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00156-7
10.1038/nature03689
10.1007/BF01723521
10.1098/rstb.2008.0300
10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01963-0
10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00089-9
10.1038/nrn2787
10.1162/neco.1995.7.5.889
10.1152/jn.00516.2014
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.018
10.1038/nrn3838
10.1098/rstb.2005.1622
10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.279
10.1098/rspb.1998.0577
10.1017/S0140525X08003804
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.074
10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007638
10.1038/335311a0
10.1016/j.jphysparis.2006.09.011
10.1006/ccog.1999.0390
10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00133-3
10.1007/s00422-014-0620-8
10.1371/journal.pone.0033651
10.1016/0166-2236(92)90344-8
10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80042-1
10.1098/rspb.1982.0085
10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.021
10.1113/jphysiol.2003.058941
10.1152/jn.00398.2009
10.1007/s00429-014-0942-2
10.1002/wcs.142
10.1115/1.3662552
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02205.x
10.1073/pnas.1705652114
10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00181
10.1098/rspb.1997.0056
10.1098/rspb.1997.0196
10.1038/4580
10.1007/s00221-008-1691-3
10.1162/neco.1997.9.4.721
10.1016/j.clinph.2008.11.029
10.1098/rstb.1980.0090
10.1080/14786443208647909
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.063
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005068
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.005
10.3389/neuro.01.016.2008
10.1016/0166-4328(82)90081-X
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2019 Hogendoorn and Burkitt.
Copyright © 2019 Hogendoorn and Burkitt 2019 Hogendoorn and Burkitt
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2019 Hogendoorn and Burkitt.
– notice: Copyright © 2019 Hogendoorn and Burkitt 2019 Hogendoorn and Burkitt
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.1523/ENEURO.0412-18.2019
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic
CrossRef
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
DocumentTitleAlternate Predictive Coding with Neural Transmission Delays
EISSN 2373-2822
ExternalDocumentID PMC6506824
31064839
10_1523_ENEURO_0412_18_2019
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
Review
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Australian Research Council (ARC)
  grantid: DP180102268
GroupedDBID 53G
5VS
AAYXX
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AKSEZ
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BCNDV
CITATION
GROUPED_DOAJ
H13
HYE
KQ8
M48
M~E
OK1
RHI
RPM
TFN
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
RHF
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-66b3ca4af50aa89bba070474109d0cec7fc71cc8eff4d1b5a0b6abcc6fc7e18d3
ISICitedReferencesCount 39
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000467170000034&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2373-2822
IngestDate Tue Sep 30 16:50:34 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 12:11:39 EDT 2025
Thu Jan 02 22:59:19 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 06:06:56 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:18:48 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Keywords prediction
extrapolation
alignment
predictive coding
neural delays
temporal
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright © 2019 Hogendoorn and Burkitt.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c405t-66b3ca4af50aa89bba070474109d0cec7fc71cc8eff4d1b5a0b6abcc6fc7e18d3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
H.H. and A.N.B. designed research; H.H. and A.N.B. performed research; H.H. and A.N.B. wrote the paper.
H.H. was supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects funding scheme (project DP180102268).
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
ORCID 0000-0001-5672-2772
0000-0002-8499-8394
OpenAccessLink http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0412-18.2019
PMID 31064839
PQID 2231895950
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6506824
proquest_miscellaneous_2231895950
pubmed_primary_31064839
crossref_citationtrail_10_1523_ENEURO_0412_18_2019
crossref_primary_10_1523_ENEURO_0412_18_2019
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2019-03-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-03-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2019
  text: 2019-03-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle eNeuro
PublicationTitleAlternate eNeuro
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Society for Neuroscience
Publisher_xml – name: Society for Neuroscience
References 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.20
(2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.51) 2015; 9
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.64
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.63
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.62
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.61
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.60
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.17
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.16
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.15
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.59
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.14
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.58
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.13
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.57
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.12
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.56
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.11
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.55
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.10
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.54
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.19
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.18
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.31
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.75
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.30
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.74
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.73
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.72
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.71
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.70
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.28
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.27
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.26
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.25
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.69
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.24
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.68
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.23
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.22
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.66
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.21
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.65
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.29
(2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.76) 2012; 7
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.42
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.86
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.41
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.85
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.40
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.84
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.83
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.82
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.81
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.80
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.8
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.39
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.7
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.38
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.37
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.5
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.36
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.4
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.79
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.3
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.34
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.78
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.2
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.33
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.77
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.1
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.32
(2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.67) 2008; 31
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.9
(2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.35) 2018; 171
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.53
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.52
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.50
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.94
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.93
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.92
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.91
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.90
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.49
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.48
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.47
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.46
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.45
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.89
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.44
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.88
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.43
2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.87
(2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.6) 2012; 21
References_xml – ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.88
  doi: 10.1167/19.1.3
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.69
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1212-15.2015
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.12
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1460-13.2014
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.85
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5630-10.2011
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.92
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.1998.0475
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.2
  doi: 10.1007/s00429-012-0475-5
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.19
  doi: 10.1088/0954-898X/6/2/003
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.53
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1500361112
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.1
  doi: 10.1167/16.12.1266
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.47
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.032
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.11
  doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2013.07.007
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.46
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.8
  doi: 10.1038/18678
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.65
  doi: 10.1038/370256b0
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.75
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.042
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.7
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.08.003
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.17
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00548
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.45
  doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563456.003.0014
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.80
  doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.11.003
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.18
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00499.2013
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.37
  doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2015.05.005
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.15
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03351.1996
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.14
  doi: 10.1038/nature12989
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.33
  doi: 10.1038/349154a0
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.27
  doi: 10.1155/2010/621670
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.58
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00847.2011
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.79
  doi: 10.1007/s00422-012-0477-7
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.20
  doi: 10.1126/science.287.5460.2036
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.89
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.21
  doi: 10.1167/7.4.3
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.55
  doi: 10.1126/science.3283936
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.10
  doi: 10.1167/19.1.3
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.70
  doi: 10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00279-X
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.83
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00792.2017
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.13
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5208-12.2013
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.38
  doi: 10.1111/nous.12062
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.87
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0736-18.2018
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.74
  doi: 10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.1
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.25
  doi: 10.1038/s41593-018-0200-7
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.39
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.09.002
– volume: 9
  start-page: 111
  year: 2015
  ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.51
  article-title: Is predictive coding theory articulated enough to be testable?
  publication-title: Front Comput Neurosci
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.22
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/1.1.1-a
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.63
  doi: 10.1007/BF00198477
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.9
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-18-07511.1998
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.42
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008455
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.4
  doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00156-7
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.40
  doi: 10.1038/nature03689
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.28
  doi: 10.1007/BF01723521
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.26
  doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0300
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.66
  doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01963-0
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.50
  doi: 10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00089-9
– volume: 21
  start-page: 695
  year: 2012
  ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.6
  article-title: Canonical microcircuits for predictive coding
  publication-title: Neuron
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.24
  doi: 10.1038/nrn2787
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.16
  doi: 10.1162/neco.1995.7.5.889
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.91
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00516.2014
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.31
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.018
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.84
  doi: 10.1038/nrn3838
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.23
  doi: 10.1098/rstb.2005.1622
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.30
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.279
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.86
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.1998.0577
– volume: 31
  start-page: 179
  year: 2008
  ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.67
  article-title: Visual prediction: psychophysics and neurophysiology of compensation for time delays
  publication-title: Behav Brain Sci
  doi: 10.1017/S0140525X08003804
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.82
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.074
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.5
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007638
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.94
  doi: 10.1038/335311a0
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.44
  doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2006.09.011
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.93
  doi: 10.1006/ccog.1999.0390
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.3
  doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00133-3
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.68
  doi: 10.1007/s00422-014-0620-8
– volume: 7
  start-page: 33651
  year: 2012
  ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.76
  article-title: Motion extrapolation in the central fovea
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033651
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.32
  doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(92)90344-8
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.54
  doi: 10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80042-1
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.81
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.1982.0085
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.56
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.021
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.43
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.058941
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.77
  doi: 10.1152/jn.00398.2009
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.73
  doi: 10.1007/s00429-014-0942-2
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.41
  doi: 10.1002/wcs.142
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.48
  doi: 10.1115/1.3662552
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.57
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02205.x
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.52
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1705652114
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.36
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00181
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.61
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.1997.0056
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.62
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.1997.0196
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.72
  doi: 10.1038/4580
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.90
  doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1691-3
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.71
  doi: 10.1162/neco.1997.9.4.721
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.29
  doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.11.029
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.34
  doi: 10.1098/rstb.1980.0090
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.64
  doi: 10.1080/14786443208647909
– volume: 171
  start-page: 55
  year: 2018
  ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.35
  article-title: Predictive coding of visual object position ahead of moving objects revealed by time-resolved EEG decoding
  publication-title: Neuroimage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.063
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.49
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005068
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.59
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.005
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.78
  doi: 10.3389/neuro.01.016.2008
– ident: 2023041302133502000_6.2.ENEURO.0412-18.2019.60
  doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(82)90081-X
SSID ssj0001627181
Score 2.30505
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Hierarchical predictive coding is an influential model of cortical organization, in which sequential hierarchical levels are connected by backward connections...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage ENEURO.0412-18.2019
SubjectTerms Brain - physiology
Humans
Illusions - physiology
Models, Neurological
Motion Perception - physiology
Synaptic Transmission - physiology
Theory/New Concepts
Title Predictive Coding with Neural Transmission Delays: A Real-Time Temporal Alignment Hypothesis
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31064839
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2231895950
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6506824
Volume 6
WOSCitedRecordID wos000467170000034&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2373-2822
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001627181
  issn: 2373-2822
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20150101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2373-2822
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001627181
  issn: 2373-2822
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20140101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtZ3Pb9MwFMctNtC0C-I3HVAZiRtkJM4vh9s0DfXAqgkV1ANSZDs2VJSkatpp48Dfznt2kqZjIDhwiarEddL3Se1n-72vCXnBmIGOu5AeKoF4kWSFJ1ikPFRH86WKuLIZ3h_fpeMxn06zs2bP9tpuJ5CWJb-4yBb_FTWcA9iYOvsPuLtK4QR8BuhwBOxw_CvwZ0tce7ERQcdV0c21ogoH5uJj3wRscZIMGpu5uKxdcvp78Bg9TAh5OXFqVYBuPvvsggVGlwvM1Kpndd-Z1VbZo3sxKnikoqpcdPBoVn7fLNivl1-bVahGrKBZAWqmGzDDqY23OtS2WWJhGnoYfNpvQ5Peq8KubZljqxBxMsYAxUMU-fICG1mX9UvDD158s1zA60wi7nSOrghit5d2yE2WxhnG8Z3-6E2sJQz626BRmILbvr7mpvtkr61m2yH5ZZRxNVi2531M7pDbzbCBHjncd8kNXd4je6dNYMR98mlDnTrqFKlTR532qVNH_Q09oh1z2jKnHXO6Yf6AfHh7Mjkeec3GGZ4C_3vlJYkMlYiEiX0heCalgIY9At_RzwpfaZUalQZKcW1MVAQyFr5MhFQK8750wIvwIdktq1I_JlSLTBmTBQV4epGRITfgAkepNjDSAFfPDAhrrZerRlUeNzeZ5zi6BOvnzvo5Wj8PeI7WH5BX3ZcWTlTlz8Wft1hyMBWuaIlSV-s6B9824Fmcxf6APHKYugpbvgOSbgHsCqCw-vaVcvbFCqzDqCXhLDr4bZ1PyP7mv_GU7K6Wa_2M3FLnq1m9HJKddMqHdnZnaN_Nn6nwlGI
linkProvider ISSN International Centre
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Predictive+Coding+with+Neural+Transmission+Delays%3A+A+Real-Time+Temporal+Alignment+Hypothesis&rft.jtitle=eNeuro&rft.au=Hogendoorn%2C+Hinze&rft.au=Burkitt%2C+Anthony+N&rft.date=2019-03-01&rft.eissn=2373-2822&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft_id=info:doi/10.1523%2FENEURO.0412-18.2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31064839&rft.externalDocID=31064839
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2373-2822&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2373-2822&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2373-2822&client=summon