Non-Smad Signaling Pathways of the TGF-β Family

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and structurally related factors use several intracellular signaling pathways in addition to Smad signaling to regulate a wide array of cellular functions. These non-Smad signaling pathways are activated directly by ligand-occupied receptors to reinforce, attenua...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Vol. 9; no. 2
Main Author: Zhang, Ying E
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.02.2017
Subjects:
Animals
GTP Phosphohydrolases - metabolism
Humans
Phosphorylation
Protein Kinases - metabolism
Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism
Signal Transduction
Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism
ISSN:1943-0264
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and structurally related factors use several intracellular signaling pathways in addition to Smad signaling to regulate a wide array of cellular functions. These non-Smad signaling pathways are activated directly by ligand-occupied receptors to reinforce, attenuate, or otherwise modulate downstream cellular responses. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms by which non-Smad signaling pathways are directly activated in response to ligand binding, how activation of these pathways impinges on Smads and non-Smad targets, and how final cellular responses are affected in response to these noncanonical signaling modes.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1943-0264
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a022129