Forest restoration treatments increased growth and did not change survival of ponderosa pines in severe drought, Arizona
We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G. A. Pearson Natural Area, northern Arizona. Despite protection from harvest that conserved old trees, a dense forest susceptible to unchar...
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| Published in: | Ecological applications Vol. 32; no. 8; pp. 1 - 15 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hoboken, USA
John Wiley and Sons, Inc
01.12.2022
John Wiley & Sons, Inc Ecological Society of America |
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| ISSN: | 1051-0761, 1939-5582 |
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| Abstract | We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G. A. Pearson Natural Area, northern Arizona. Despite protection from harvest that conserved old trees, a dense forest susceptible to uncharacteristically severe disturbance had developed during more than a century of exclusion of the previous frequent surface-fire regime that ceased upon Euro-American settlement in approximately 1876. Trees were thinned in 1993 to emulate prefire-exclusion forest conditions, accumulated forest floor was removed, and surface fire was re-introduced at 4-years intervals (full restoration). There was also a partial restoration treatment consisting of thinning alone. Compared with untreated controls, mortality of old trees (mean age 243 years, maximum 462 years) differed by <1 tree ha−1 and old-tree survival was statistically indistinguishable between treatments (90.5% control, 92.3% full, 82.6% partial). Post-treatment growth as measured by basal area increment of both old (pre-1876) and young (post-1876) pines was significantly higher in both treatments than counterpart control trees for more than 2 decades following thinning. Drought meeting the definition of megadrought affected the region almost all the time since the onset of the experiment, including 3 years that were severely dry. Growth of all trees declined in the driest 3 years, but old and young treated trees had significantly less decline. Association of tree growth with temperature (negative correlation) and precipitation (positive correlation) was much weaker in treated trees, indicating that they may experience less growth decline from warmer, drier conditions predicted in future decades. Overall, tree responses after the first 2 decades following treatment suggest that forest restoration treatments have led to substantial, sustained improvement in the growth of old and young ponderosa pines without affecting old-tree survival, thereby improving resilience to a warming climate. |
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| AbstractList | We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G. A. Pearson Natural Area, northern Arizona. Despite protection from harvest that conserved old trees, a dense forest susceptible to uncharacteristically severe disturbance had developed during more than a century of exclusion of the previous frequent surface-fire regime that ceased upon Euro-American settlement in approximately 1876. Trees were thinned in 1993 to emulate prefire-exclusion forest conditions, accumulated forest floor was removed, and surface fire was re-introduced at 4-years intervals (full restoration). There was also a partial restoration treatment consisting of thinning alone. Compared with untreated controls, mortality of old trees (mean age 243 years, maximum 462 years) differed by <1 tree ha
and old-tree survival was statistically indistinguishable between treatments (90.5% control, 92.3% full, 82.6% partial). Post-treatment growth as measured by basal area increment of both old (pre-1876) and young (post-1876) pines was significantly higher in both treatments than counterpart control trees for more than 2 decades following thinning. Drought meeting the definition of megadrought affected the region almost all the time since the onset of the experiment, including 3 years that were severely dry. Growth of all trees declined in the driest 3 years, but old and young treated trees had significantly less decline. Association of tree growth with temperature (negative correlation) and precipitation (positive correlation) was much weaker in treated trees, indicating that they may experience less growth decline from warmer, drier conditions predicted in future decades. Overall, tree responses after the first 2 decades following treatment suggest that forest restoration treatments have led to substantial, sustained improvement in the growth of old and young ponderosa pines without affecting old-tree survival, thereby improving resilience to a warming climate. We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G. A. Pearson Natural Area, northern Arizona. Despite protection from harvest that conserved old trees, a dense forest susceptible to uncharacteristically severe disturbance had developed during more than a century of exclusion of the previous frequent surface-fire regime that ceased upon Euro-American settlement in approximately 1876. Trees were thinned in 1993 to emulate prefire-exclusion forest conditions, accumulated forest floor was removed, and surface fire was re-introduced at 4-years intervals (full restoration). There was also a partial restoration treatment consisting of thinning alone. Compared with untreated controls, mortality of old trees (mean age 243 years, maximum 462 years) differed by <1 tree ha-1 and old-tree survival was statistically indistinguishable between treatments (90.5% control, 92.3% full, 82.6% partial). Post-treatment growth as measured by basal area increment of both old (pre-1876) and young (post-1876) pines was significantly higher in both treatments than counterpart control trees for more than 2 decades following thinning. Drought meeting the definition of megadrought affected the region almost all the time since the onset of the experiment, including 3 years that were severely dry. Growth of all trees declined in the driest 3 years, but old and young treated trees had significantly less decline. Association of tree growth with temperature (negative correlation) and precipitation (positive correlation) was much weaker in treated trees, indicating that they may experience less growth decline from warmer, drier conditions predicted in future decades. Overall, tree responses after the first 2 decades following treatment suggest that forest restoration treatments have led to substantial, sustained improvement in the growth of old and young ponderosa pines without affecting old-tree survival, thereby improving resilience to a warming climate.We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G. A. Pearson Natural Area, northern Arizona. Despite protection from harvest that conserved old trees, a dense forest susceptible to uncharacteristically severe disturbance had developed during more than a century of exclusion of the previous frequent surface-fire regime that ceased upon Euro-American settlement in approximately 1876. Trees were thinned in 1993 to emulate prefire-exclusion forest conditions, accumulated forest floor was removed, and surface fire was re-introduced at 4-years intervals (full restoration). There was also a partial restoration treatment consisting of thinning alone. Compared with untreated controls, mortality of old trees (mean age 243 years, maximum 462 years) differed by <1 tree ha-1 and old-tree survival was statistically indistinguishable between treatments (90.5% control, 92.3% full, 82.6% partial). Post-treatment growth as measured by basal area increment of both old (pre-1876) and young (post-1876) pines was significantly higher in both treatments than counterpart control trees for more than 2 decades following thinning. Drought meeting the definition of megadrought affected the region almost all the time since the onset of the experiment, including 3 years that were severely dry. Growth of all trees declined in the driest 3 years, but old and young treated trees had significantly less decline. Association of tree growth with temperature (negative correlation) and precipitation (positive correlation) was much weaker in treated trees, indicating that they may experience less growth decline from warmer, drier conditions predicted in future decades. Overall, tree responses after the first 2 decades following treatment suggest that forest restoration treatments have led to substantial, sustained improvement in the growth of old and young ponderosa pines without affecting old-tree survival, thereby improving resilience to a warming climate. We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G. A. Pearson Natural Area, northern Arizona. Despite protection from harvest that conserved old trees, a dense forest susceptible to uncharacteristically severe disturbance had developed during more than a century of exclusion of the previous frequent surface-fire regime that ceased upon Euro-American settlement in approximately 1876. Trees were thinned in 1993 to emulate prefire-exclusion forest conditions, accumulated forest floor was removed, and surface fire was re-introduced at 4-years intervals (full restoration). There was also a partial restoration treatment consisting of thinning alone. Compared with untreated controls, mortality of old trees (mean age 243 years, maximum 462 years) differed by <1 tree ha−1 and old-tree survival was statistically indistinguishable between treatments (90.5% control, 92.3% full, 82.6% partial). Post-treatment growth as measured by basal area increment of both old (pre-1876) and young (post-1876) pines was significantly higher in both treatments than counterpart control trees for more than 2 decades following thinning. Drought meeting the definition of megadrought affected the region almost all the time since the onset of the experiment, including 3 years that were severely dry. Growth of all trees declined in the driest 3 years, but old and young treated trees had significantly less decline. Association of tree growth with temperature (negative correlation) and precipitation (positive correlation) was much weaker in treated trees, indicating that they may experience less growth decline from warmer, drier conditions predicted in future decades. Overall, tree responses after the first 2 decades following treatment suggest that forest restoration treatments have led to substantial, sustained improvement in the growth of old and young ponderosa pines without affecting old-tree survival, thereby improving resilience to a warming climate. We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines ( Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G. A. Pearson Natural Area, northern Arizona. Despite protection from harvest that conserved old trees, a dense forest susceptible to uncharacteristically severe disturbance had developed during more than a century of exclusion of the previous frequent surface‐fire regime that ceased upon Euro‐American settlement in approximately 1876. Trees were thinned in 1993 to emulate prefire‐exclusion forest conditions, accumulated forest floor was removed, and surface fire was re‐introduced at 4‐years intervals (full restoration). There was also a partial restoration treatment consisting of thinning alone. Compared with untreated controls, mortality of old trees (mean age 243 years, maximum 462 years) differed by <1 tree ha −1 and old‐tree survival was statistically indistinguishable between treatments (90.5% control, 92.3% full, 82.6% partial). Post‐treatment growth as measured by basal area increment of both old (pre‐1876) and young (post‐1876) pines was significantly higher in both treatments than counterpart control trees for more than 2 decades following thinning. Drought meeting the definition of megadrought affected the region almost all the time since the onset of the experiment, including 3 years that were severely dry. Growth of all trees declined in the driest 3 years, but old and young treated trees had significantly less decline. Association of tree growth with temperature (negative correlation) and precipitation (positive correlation) was much weaker in treated trees, indicating that they may experience less growth decline from warmer, drier conditions predicted in future decades. Overall, tree responses after the first 2 decades following treatment suggest that forest restoration treatments have led to substantial, sustained improvement in the growth of old and young ponderosa pines without affecting old‐tree survival, thereby improving resilience to a warming climate. We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G. A. Pearson Natural Area, northern Arizona. Despite protection from harvest that conserved old trees, a dense forest susceptible to uncharacteristically severe disturbance had developed during more than a century of exclusion of the previous frequent surface‐fire regime that ceased upon Euro‐American settlement in approximately 1876. Trees were thinned in 1993 to emulate prefire‐exclusion forest conditions, accumulated forest floor was removed, and surface fire was re‐introduced at 4‐years intervals (full restoration). There was also a partial restoration treatment consisting of thinning alone. Compared with untreated controls, mortality of old trees (mean age 243 years, maximum 462 years) differed by <1 tree ha⁻¹ and old‐tree survival was statistically indistinguishable between treatments (90.5% control, 92.3% full, 82.6% partial). Post‐treatment growth as measured by basal area increment of both old (pre‐1876) and young (post‐1876) pines was significantly higher in both treatments than counterpart control trees for more than 2 decades following thinning. Drought meeting the definition of megadrought affected the region almost all the time since the onset of the experiment, including 3 years that were severely dry. Growth of all trees declined in the driest 3 years, but old and young treated trees had significantly less decline. Association of tree growth with temperature (negative correlation) and precipitation (positive correlation) was much weaker in treated trees, indicating that they may experience less growth decline from warmer, drier conditions predicted in future decades. Overall, tree responses after the first 2 decades following treatment suggest that forest restoration treatments have led to substantial, sustained improvement in the growth of old and young ponderosa pines without affecting old‐tree survival, thereby improving resilience to a warming climate. |
| Author | Huffman, David W. Kolb, Thomas E. Moore, Margaret M. Meador, Andrew J. Sánchez Normandin, Donald P. Covington, W. Wallace Fulé, Peter Z. Roccaforte, John Paul |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Peter Z. surname: Fulé fullname: Fulé, Peter Z. – sequence: 2 givenname: Andrew J. Sánchez surname: Meador fullname: Meador, Andrew J. Sánchez – sequence: 3 givenname: Margaret M. surname: Moore fullname: Moore, Margaret M. – sequence: 4 givenname: W. Wallace surname: Covington fullname: Covington, W. Wallace – sequence: 5 givenname: Thomas E. surname: Kolb fullname: Kolb, Thomas E. – sequence: 6 givenname: David W. surname: Huffman fullname: Huffman, David W. – sequence: 7 givenname: Donald P. surname: Normandin fullname: Normandin, Donald P. – sequence: 8 givenname: John Paul surname: Roccaforte fullname: Roccaforte, John Paul |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36184740$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | dendrochronology Pinus ponderosa ecological restoration Arizona Pearson natural area |
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| Publisher | John Wiley and Sons, Inc John Wiley & Sons, Inc Ecological Society of America |
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Pearson Natural Area Forest Restoration Site: Tree Overstory, Herbaceous Understory, Fuels, and Repeat Photographs Database year: 2021 ident: e_1_2_8_55_1 – ident: e_1_2_8_68_1 doi: 10.3390/f11121237 – ident: e_1_2_8_3_1 doi: 10.1890/ES15-00203.1 – ident: e_1_2_8_88_1 doi: 10.1126/science.1165000 – ident: e_1_2_8_32_1 doi: 10.1186/s40663-021-00298-9 – ident: e_1_2_8_40_1 doi: 10.1007/s00442-014-2951-5 – ident: e_1_2_8_48_1 doi: 10.1890/09-2103.1 – ident: e_1_2_8_57_1 doi: 10.1007/s10530-015-0847-x – volume: 92 start-page: 39 issue: 1 year: 1994 ident: e_1_2_8_21_1 article-title: Southwestern Ponderosa Forest Structure: Changes since Euro‐American Settlement publication-title: Journal of Forestry doi: 10.1093/jof/92.1.39 – ident: e_1_2_8_80_1 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0087 – ident: e_1_2_8_8_1 doi: 10.1139/x90-208 – ident: e_1_2_8_86_1 doi: 10.1002/eap.2188 – ident: e_1_2_8_87_1 doi: 10.1177/0959683617693901 – ident: e_1_2_8_60_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.002 – ident: e_1_2_8_63_1 doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3237:TRVIPP]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_8_10_1 doi: 10.18637/jss.v067.i01 – volume: 56 start-page: 166 issue: 2 year: 2010 ident: e_1_2_8_27_1 article-title: Effectiveness of Litter Removal to Prevent Cambial Kill‐Caused Mortality in Northern Arizona Ponderosa Pine publication-title: Forest Science doi: 10.1093/forestscience/56.2.166 – ident: e_1_2_8_52_1 doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0228:ROPASO]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_8_54_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00999.x – ident: e_1_2_8_49_1 doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12935 – ident: e_1_2_8_76_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.039 – volume: 44 start-page: 69 year: 1983 ident: e_1_2_8_34_1 article-title: Computer‐Assisted Quality Control in Tree‐Ring Dating and Measurement publication-title: Tree‐Ring Bulletin – ident: e_1_2_8_37_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.007 – ident: e_1_2_8_83_1 doi: 10.1111/geb.13079 – ident: e_1_2_8_14_1 doi: 10.1016/j.dendro.2008.01.002 – ident: e_1_2_8_90_1 doi: 10.2307/1940407 – ident: e_1_2_8_38_1 doi: 10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.9 – ident: e_1_2_8_41_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.07.029 – ident: e_1_2_8_39_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02295.x – ident: e_1_2_8_17_1 doi: 10.1007/s13595-013-0321-9 – ident: e_1_2_8_43_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02574.x – ident: e_1_2_8_66_1 doi: 10.1111/gcb.14720 – ident: e_1_2_8_79_1 |
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| Snippet | We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G.... We report on survival and growth of ponderosa pines ( Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) 2 decades after forest restoration treatments in the G.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Arizona climate Climate change decline dendrochronology Drought Droughts ecological restoration Environmental restoration Forest floor forest litter forest restoration Forests Global warming mortality Pearson natural area Pine trees Pinus ponderosa Pinus ponderosa - physiology Restoration Survival temperature Thinning tree growth Trees Trees - physiology |
| Title | Forest restoration treatments increased growth and did not change survival of ponderosa pines in severe drought, Arizona |
| URI | https://www.jstor.org/stable/27222910 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Feap.2717 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36184740 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2753382338 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2720925207 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2811971464 |
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