The definition of tuberculosis infection based on the spectrum of tuberculosis disease

Latent tuberculosis infection was the term traditionally used to indicate tuberculosis (TB) infection. This term was used to define "a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by antigens through tests such as the tuberculin skin test (TST) or an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) with...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Breathe (Lausanne, Switzerland) Vol. 17; no. 3; p. 210079
Main Authors: Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Ong, Catherine W M, Petrone, Linda, D'Ambrosio, Lia, Centis, Rosella, Goletti, Delia
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 01.09.2021
ISSN:1810-6838
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Latent tuberculosis infection was the term traditionally used to indicate tuberculosis (TB) infection. This term was used to define "a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by antigens through tests such as the tuberculin skin test (TST) or an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) without clinically active TB". Recent evidence indicates that the spectrum from TB infection to TB disease is much more complex, including a "continuum" of situations didactically reported as uninfected individual, TB infection, incipient TB, subclinical TB without signs/symptoms, subclinical TB with unrecognised signs/symptoms, and TB disease with signs/symptoms. Recent evidence suggests that subclinical TB is responsible for important transmission. This review describes the different stages described above and their relationships. It also summarises the new developments in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of TB infection as well as their public health and policy implications. To describe the evolution of the definition of "tuberculosis infection" and didactically describe the continuum of stages existing between TB infection and disease.To discuss the recommended approaches to prevent, diagnose and treat TB infection.
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ISSN:1810-6838
DOI:10.1183/20734735.0079-2021