4D Digital Integration for Nanomaterial-Based Monitoring and Treatment of Bridge Piers Defects

This study presents an innovative 4D digital model that integrates Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM) with several types of data to defect detection in complex bridge structures. The model promotes precise data preparation, navigation, visualization, integration, and monitoring, enabling the identif...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Buildings (Basel) Jg. 15; H. 3; S. 501
Hauptverfasser:	Albaqawy, Ghazy Abdullah, Touahmia, Mabrouk, Boukendakdji, Mustapha, Ouazir, Abderrahmane, Mansour, Abdulaziz, Sallam, Ahmed, Sedek, Mohamed Saleh
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2025
Schlagworte:	4D digital integration Artificial intelligence Automation Bridge maintenance Bridge piers Bridges BrIM Building information modeling CAD model Computed tomography Construction Crystal defects CT imaging Decision making Defects Digitization Human error Integration Lasers Machine learning Methods Modelling monitor Monitoring nanomaterial Nanomaterials Nondestructive testing Physical characteristics Piers Registration Sandstone Sensors Stone Surface layers Surface properties Trusses Unmanned aerial vehicles Visualization (Computers) Egypt
ISSN:	2075-5309, 2075-5309
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
Tags:	Tag hinzufügen Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!

Abstract	This study presents an innovative 4D digital model that integrates Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM) with several types of data to defect detection in complex bridge structures. The model promotes precise data preparation, navigation, visualization, integration, and monitoring, enabling the identification of defects, like material deterioration, condition changes, and structural clashes in components like trusses. Bridge model provides time-based access to maps, allowing users to explore changes over time and predict future conditions. The integration of time dimension into the 4D model provides dynamic tools for exploring changes over time, allowing for analysis and maintenance planning. Through the use of advanced 4D simulation technology, the study’s effectiveness is in visualizing workflows, identifying constraints, and supporting proactive decision-making in structural management. By incorporating various perspectives and enabling users to interact with detailed visualizations, the model enhances understanding and maintenance practices. This approach advances defect modeling and digitization, supporting automation in defect detection while significantly contributing to the long-term safety and sustainability of bridges. In order to obtain non-destructive images and films of the morphology of the sandstone’s internal structure at the bridge pier in addition to the stone’s grain texture and surface characteristics, this research applied X-ray computed tomography approach (CT scan) and XRF as NDT to the analysis of sandstone.
AbstractList	This study presents an innovative 4D digital model that integrates Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM) with several types of data to defect detection in complex bridge structures. The model promotes precise data preparation, navigation, visualization, integration, and monitoring, enabling the identification of defects, like material deterioration, condition changes, and structural clashes in components like trusses. Bridge model provides time-based access to maps, allowing users to explore changes over time and predict future conditions. The integration of time dimension into the 4D model provides dynamic tools for exploring changes over time, allowing for analysis and maintenance planning. Through the use of advanced 4D simulation technology, the study’s effectiveness is in visualizing workflows, identifying constraints, and supporting proactive decision-making in structural management. By incorporating various perspectives and enabling users to interact with detailed visualizations, the model enhances understanding and maintenance practices. This approach advances defect modeling and digitization, supporting automation in defect detection while significantly contributing to the long-term safety and sustainability of bridges. In order to obtain non-destructive images and films of the morphology of the sandstone’s internal structure at the bridge pier in addition to the stone’s grain texture and surface characteristics, this research applied X-ray computed tomography approach (CT scan) and XRF as NDT to the analysis of sandstone.
Audience	Academic
Author	Sallam, Ahmed Boukendakdji, Mustapha Mansour, Abdulaziz Ouazir, Abderrahmane Albaqawy, Ghazy Abdullah Touahmia, Mabrouk Sedek, Mohamed Saleh
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ghazy Abdullah orcidid: 0000-0001-9232-216X surname: Albaqawy fullname: Albaqawy, Ghazy Abdullah – sequence: 2 givenname: Mabrouk surname: Touahmia fullname: Touahmia, Mabrouk – sequence: 3 givenname: Mustapha surname: Boukendakdji fullname: Boukendakdji, Mustapha – sequence: 4 givenname: Abderrahmane orcidid: 0000-0002-8771-8845 surname: Ouazir fullname: Ouazir, Abderrahmane – sequence: 5 givenname: Abdulaziz surname: Mansour fullname: Mansour, Abdulaziz – sequence: 6 givenname: Ahmed orcidid: 0000-0003-2994-0488 surname: Sallam fullname: Sallam, Ahmed – sequence: 7 givenname: Mohamed Saleh orcidid: 0000-0002-2965-5620 surname: Sedek fullname: Sedek, Mohamed Saleh
BookMark	eNptUcluFDEQbaEgEUI-gJslzh3stt1tH5MMy0hhOYQrVrVdbnnUbQfbc-DvMQxiEVQdatGrV1V6T7uzmCJ23XNGrzjX9OV8DKsLcSlMUk4lZY-684FOspec6rM_8ifdZSkH2kzJYZDivPssdmQXllBhJftYcclQQ4rEp0zeQ0wbVMwB1v4GCjryLsVQU267CERH7jNC3TBWkjy5ycEtSD4GzIXs0KOt5Vn32MNa8PJnvOg-vX51f_u2v_vwZn97fddbQVntZ87FJJl1immtONpptFoO3AtngY-TAoGcSfCjZSBASuTceS3Y7DV4i_yi2594XYKDechhg_zVJAjmRyPlxUCuwa5ovNKKolRiZLPwohWUC6acZX6Scpgb14sT10NOX45YqjmkY47tfMPZKKdpFBP9jVqgkYboU81gt1CsuVacMs25Yg119R9Uc4dbsE1FH1r_rwF2GrA5lZLR_3qGUfNdbPOP2Pwb_9id3A
Cites_doi	10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.01.022 10.3390/drones8040162 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107575 10.3390/buildings14030669 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.352 10.1002/stc.2321 10.3390/buildings13092332 10.1080/13467581.2024.2373832 10.21608/asat.2015.22954 10.1088/1757-899X/1067/1/012044 10.3390/su9081392 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002835 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001727 10.1016/j.autcon.2018.10.019 10.1016/j.autcon.2018.06.006 10.3390/buildings12122175 10.1016/j.culher.2018.09.014 10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04048 10.3390/buildings14072248 10.1186/s40494-015-0033-6 10.3390/su10124466 10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104440 10.3390/ijerph192416692 10.3390/buildings14051231 10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105186 10.3390/rs13091809 10.1007/s10846-023-01961-9 10.3390/buildings14072101 10.1016/j.jsv.2023.117754
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml	– notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG – notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID	AAYXX CITATION 8FD 8FE 8FG ABJCF ABUWG AFKRA ATCPS AZQEC BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FR3 GNUQQ HCIFZ KR7 L.- L6V M7S PATMY PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS PYCSY DOA
DOI	10.3390/buildings15030501
DatabaseName	CrossRef Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection (subscription) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central Technology Collection Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea Engineering Research Database ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection Civil Engineering Abstracts ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced ProQuest Engineering Collection Engineering Database Environmental Science Database (subscripiton) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering Collection Environmental Science Collection DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Engineering Collection Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) Engineering Collection Civil Engineering Abstracts Engineering Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest SciTech Collection Environmental Science Collection ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Materials Science & Engineering Collection Environmental Science Database Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList	Publicly Available Content Database CrossRef
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering
EISSN	2075-5309
ExternalDocumentID	oai_doaj_org_article_f8980e58461b4f498003418dc1f7552b A830193381 10_3390_buildings15030501
GeographicLocations	Egypt
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: Egypt
GroupedDBID	.4S 2XV 5VS 7XC 8FE 8FG 8FH AAFWJ AAYXX ABJCF ADBBV ADMLS AFFHD AFKRA AFPKN ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ARCSS ATCPS BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI CCPQU CITATION GROUPED_DOAJ HCIFZ IAO IHM ITC KQ8 L6V M7S MODMG M~E OK1 PATMY PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQGLB PROAC PTHSS PYCSY TUS 8FD ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO FR3 GNUQQ KR7 L.- PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-b334751cd819983ec76c9523f4dca3678a4e315af6c1a4a55e33df941bf9afce3
IEDL.DBID	M7S
ISICitedReferencesCount	1
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001419252200001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	2075-5309
IngestDate	Fri Oct 03 12:43:37 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 11:59:30 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 11 10:52:09 EST 2025 Tue Nov 04 18:13:16 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:13:15 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	3
Language	English
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c401t-b334751cd819983ec76c9523f4dca3678a4e315af6c1a4a55e33df941bf9afce3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ORCID	0000-0003-2994-0488 0000-0002-8771-8845 0000-0001-9232-216X 0000-0002-2965-5620
OpenAccessLink	https://www.proquest.com/docview/3165776470?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID	3165776470
PQPubID	2032422
ParticipantIDs	doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_f8980e58461b4f498003418dc1f7552b proquest_journals_3165776470 gale_infotracmisc_A830193381 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A830193381 crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings15030501
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2025-02-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2025-02-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 02 year: 2025 text: 2025-02-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	Basel
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Basel
PublicationTitle	Buildings (Basel)
PublicationYear	2025
Publisher	MDPI AG
Publisher_xml	– name: MDPI AG
References	Alsubaie (ref_41) 2024; 24 ref_14 ref_36 ref_13 Tao (ref_28) 2023; 559 ref_35 ref_11 ref_32 Almeida (ref_20) 2023; 21 ref_30 Sedek (ref_24) 2021; 2 ref_19 Sallam (ref_34) 2016; 7 ref_18 ref_39 ref_38 ref_15 Petersen (ref_29) 2018; 107 Kamh (ref_33) 2018; 9 Chan (ref_17) 2015; 2 Seo (ref_12) 2018; 94 ref_23 ref_22 ref_21 Scisloa (ref_16) 2024; 64 (ref_31) 2018; 9 Galantucci (ref_10) 2019; 36 ref_40 ref_1 ref_3 ref_2 Agnisarman (ref_9) 2019; 97 ref_27 Serwa (ref_25) 2021; 24 ref_8 Khalil (ref_37) 2022; 22 ref_5 ref_4 Sedek (ref_26) 2016; 19 ref_6 Blommaert (ref_7) 2022; 41
References_xml	– volume: 107 start-page: 12 year: 2018 ident: ref_29 article-title: Estimation of the full-field dynamic response of a floating bridge using Kalman-type filtering algorithms publication-title: Mech. Syst. Signal Process. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.01.022 – volume: 24 start-page: 50 year: 2024 ident: ref_41 article-title: Architectural Heritage Conservation in the City of Qurh: Assessing and Stabilizing Islamic Era Mud Brick Structures publication-title: Mediterr. Archaeol. Archaeom. – ident: ref_23 doi: 10.3390/drones8040162 – ident: ref_4 doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107575 – ident: ref_22 doi: 10.3390/buildings14030669 – volume: 7 start-page: 493 year: 2016 ident: ref_34 article-title: Studies on the Deterioration of Coptic Mural Paintings in the Monastery of Martyrs and the Luxor Temple publication-title: Int. J. Conserv. Sci. – volume: 64 start-page: 2246 year: 2024 ident: ref_16 article-title: 3D Vibration Measurements with Optical Systems: Selected Methods for Measurement Enhancements publication-title: Procedia Struct. Integr. doi: 10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.352 – ident: ref_14 doi: 10.1002/stc.2321 – ident: ref_1 doi: 10.3390/buildings13092332 – volume: 22 start-page: 147 year: 2022 ident: ref_37 article-title: Weathering of monumental Islamic marble in Egypt: A contribution to heritage studies publication-title: Conserv. Sci. Cult. Herit. – ident: ref_8 doi: 10.1080/13467581.2024.2373832 – ident: ref_27 doi: 10.21608/asat.2015.22954 – ident: ref_39 doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1067/1/012044 – volume: 9 start-page: 599 year: 2018 ident: ref_33 article-title: Testing Single and Mixed Resins for consolidating Moderately Weathered Limestone of Archaeological Sites, New applied Techniques publication-title: Int. J. Conserv. Sci. – ident: ref_38 doi: 10.3390/su9081392 – volume: 19 start-page: 273 year: 2016 ident: ref_26 article-title: Development of new system for detection of bridges construction defects using terrestrial laser remote sensing technology publication-title: Sci. Direct – ident: ref_30 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002835 – ident: ref_3 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001727 – volume: 97 start-page: 52 year: 2019 ident: ref_9 article-title: A Survey of Automation-Enabled Human-In-The-Loop Systems for Infrastructure Visual Inspection publication-title: Autom. Constr. doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2018.10.019 – volume: 94 start-page: 112 year: 2018 ident: ref_12 article-title: Drone-Enabled Bridge Inspection Methodology and Application publication-title: Autom. Constr. doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2018.06.006 – ident: ref_40 doi: 10.3390/buildings12122175 – volume: 36 start-page: 51 year: 2019 ident: ref_10 article-title: Advanced Damage Detection Techniques in Historical Buildings Using Digital Photogrammetry and 3D Surface Anlysis publication-title: J. Cult. Herit. doi: 10.1016/j.culher.2018.09.014 – volume: 2 start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: ref_24 article-title: Semi-Automatic Approach for Forming and Processing Laser Sensing Data of Urban Truss publication-title: SVU – ident: ref_18 doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04048 – volume: 9 start-page: 219 year: 2018 ident: ref_31 article-title: Influence of Acrylic Coatings and nanomaterials on the Interfacial, Physical and mechanical, Properties of Limestone based Monuments. Case Study “AMENEMHAT II TEMPLE” publication-title: Int. J. Conserv. Sci. – ident: ref_32 doi: 10.3390/buildings14072248 – ident: ref_35 doi: 10.1186/s40494-015-0033-6 – ident: ref_6 doi: 10.3390/su10124466 – ident: ref_15 doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104440 – ident: ref_36 – volume: 24 start-page: 787 year: 2021 ident: ref_25 article-title: New semi-automatic 3D registration method for terrestrial laser scanning data of bridge structures based on artificial neural networks publication-title: Sci. Direct – ident: ref_5 doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416692 – ident: ref_2 doi: 10.3390/buildings14051231 – ident: ref_11 doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105186 – ident: ref_19 doi: 10.3390/rs13091809 – ident: ref_13 doi: 10.1007/s10846-023-01961-9 – volume: 2 start-page: 283 year: 2015 ident: ref_17 article-title: Towards UAV-based bridge inspection systems: A review and an application perspective publication-title: Struct. Monit. Maint. – volume: 41 start-page: 549 year: 2022 ident: ref_7 article-title: The Impact of Demographical, Geographical and Climatological Factors on Building Defects in Belgium publication-title: Int. J. Build. Pathol. Adapt. – ident: ref_21 doi: 10.3390/buildings14072101 – volume: 21 start-page: 652 year: 2023 ident: ref_20 article-title: Multi-approach integration of ALS and TLS point clouds for a 3-D building modeling at LoD3 publication-title: Sage J. – volume: 559 start-page: 117754 year: 2023 ident: ref_28 article-title: Efficient buffeting analysis of long-span bridges under non-stationary winds: A 2D interpolation enhanced approach publication-title: J. Sound Vib. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2023.117754
SSID	ssj0000852254
Score	2.3002195
Snippet	This study presents an innovative 4D digital model that integrates Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM) with several types of data to defect detection in complex...
SourceID	doaj proquest gale crossref
SourceType	Open Website Aggregation Database Index Database
StartPage	501
SubjectTerms	4D digital integration Artificial intelligence Automation Bridge maintenance Bridge piers Bridges BrIM Building information modeling CAD model Computed tomography Construction Crystal defects CT imaging Decision making Defects Digitization Human error Integration Lasers Machine learning Methods Modelling monitor Monitoring nanomaterial Nanomaterials Nondestructive testing Physical characteristics Piers Registration Sandstone Sensors Stone Surface layers Surface properties Trusses Unmanned aerial vehicles Visualization (Computers)
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LSwMxEA5SPOhBfGJ9kYMgCEs3TbLZHFur6KX0oNCTITtJpB5aaau_30l2KxURLx53N8sO8x52Zj5CLgGTBgtKZxFnOxNBiaySkGcgQhcTZhenLxPYhBoOy_FYj9agvmJPWL0euGZcJ5S6zH0Mk6wSQeBFjo63dMCCkrJbRe-bK71WTL3W3VeoqKL-jcmxru9UDcr0AjMg1PEGBGYViNK-_t-8cgo1d7tkp8kRaa-mbY9s-Ok-2V7bHHhAnsWADiYvEfGDPjQbH5DDFFNQig5zhnloUq2sj1HK0dpy46vUTh19XHWX01mg_TSyRUcRE5sOfGrvOCRPd7ePN_dZA5WATM3ZMqs4F0oycGWcmeMeVAEaa8wgHFiOAckKz5m0oQBmhZXSc-6CFqwK2gbw_Ii0prOpPybUBgeKBVsKkMLrSgtXQsUACq0DZnttcr3im3mrN2IYrCQik80PJrdJP3L262BcZp1uoIhNI2Lzl4jb5CrKxUSTW84t2GZyAOmNy6tMr0QvpbHWxs-dfTuJpgLfH68kaxpTXRjOCqlUIVR-8h_EnpKtboQITo3dZ6S1nL_7c7IJH8vJYn6RtPQTwSzqeg priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title	4D Digital Integration for Nanomaterial-Based Monitoring and Treatment of Bridge Piers Defects
URI	https://www.proquest.com/docview/3165776470 https://doaj.org/article/f8980e58461b4f498003418dc1f7552b
Volume	15
WOSCitedRecordID	wos001419252200001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2075-5309 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000852254 issn: 2075-5309 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2075-5309 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000852254 issn: 2075-5309 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Engineering Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2075-5309 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000852254 issn: 2075-5309 databaseCode: M7S dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Environmental Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2075-5309 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000852254 issn: 2075-5309 databaseCode: PATMY dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2075-5309 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000852254 issn: 2075-5309 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2075-5309 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000852254 issn: 2075-5309 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Nb9QwELWg5QCHlq-KLWXlAxISUtR47cTxCXW7reiBVQRFKhcsZ2xXvWzK7tLf3xmvU6gQXDjGdhQrM555Ho_nMfYWEDQ40KYgnu1CRa2KroKyABUnCJg93b5MZBN6Pm8uLkybA26rnFY52MRkqH0PFCM_lKKutK6VLj9c_yiINYpOVzOFxkO2TVUSRErd-3IXY0E4geqqNoeZEnf3h13mml4hDkJNz1QwgztKVfv_ZpuTwznd_d-pPmU7GWryo41uPGMPwuI5e_JbAcIX7Lua8dnVJRGH8LNcOAIFxRHJcrS7PcLZpKHFFJ2d5xsDQK9yt_D8fEhS533k03Tzi7dErc1nIWWJvGRfT0_Ojz8WmXEBZVOKddFJqXQlwDd09U4G0DUY3KpG5cFJ9GtOBSkqF2sQTrmqClL6aJToonERgtxjW4t-EV4x7qIHLaJrFFQqmM4o30AnAGpjIoLGEXs__Hh7vSmsYXFDQlKyf0hpxKYkmruBVBM7NfTLS5uXmI2NacpAgEp0Kip8KNFFNx5E1FU16UbsHQnW0spdLx24fAEB50s1sOxRg8bO4JYdP3dwbySuOLjfPcjd5hW_sr-Evv_v7tfs8YQ4hFPm9wHbWi9_hjfsEdysr1bLMduenszbz-MUGxgndca29uxT--0W1Yb-KA
linkProvider	ProQuest
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9QwEB2VggQc-EYsFPABhIQUNY6dOD4g1GWpumpZVWKResI4Y7vqZVN2FxB_it_I2EkKFYJbDxzzvZs8v3lOZuYBPEMSDRaVzqLPdiaDkllTYp6hDAUJZherL5PZhJrN6qMjfbgBP4ZamJhWOXBiImrXYnxHvi14VSpVSZW_Pv2cRdeo-HV1sNDoYLHvv3-jKdvq1XRCz_d5Uey-nb_Zy3pXAbp-ztdZI4RUJUdXx_Iy4VFVqGk6FqRDK4i7rfSClzZUyK20ZemFcEFL3gRtA3pB570El0lGFDqlCr4_e6dD8oWGh-w-ngqh8-2m97Zeke6ikdVbzwzhL7kE_C0WpAC3e_N_uzW34EYvpdlOh_3bsOEXd-D6bw0W78JHOWGTk-NojMKmfWMMAiIjpc4orrQk19MIzMYUzB3rCC4eyuzCsfmQhM_awMapso0dRutwNvEpC-YefLiQP3gfNhftwj8AZoNDxYOtJZbS60ZLV2PDESutA4niEbwcHrQ57RqHGJpwRVSYP1AxgnGEwtmOsed3WtEuj01PISbUus59FIy8kUHSQk4SpHbIgyrLohnBiwgkE5lpvbRo-wIL-r2xx5fZqYnMtSCJNoKtc3sSo-D5zQPOTM9oK_MLZA__vfkpXN2bvzswB9PZ_iO4VkS_5JTlvgWb6-UX_xiu4Nf1yWr5JA0eBp8uGpI_AXyaV8s
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nj9MwEB0tXYTYA9-IwgI-gJCQosaxE9sHhFpCRbVQ9VCk5YLXcezVXprdtoD4a_w6xomzsEJw2wPH5qNKmzdvnpOZeQDPLIoGY4VKgs92wr3gSZXbNLHcZyiY69B92ZpNiPlcHh6qxQ786HthQlllz4ktUdeNDc_IR4wWuRAFF-nIx7KIRTl9fXqWBAep8Ka1t9PoIHLgvn_D5dvm1azEe_08y6Zvl2_eJdFhAK8lpdukYoyLnNpahlYz5qworMKlmee1NQx53HDHaG58YanhJs8dY7VXnFZeGW8dw--9AruyEKkcwO5ivPzw6fwJD4oZDBbevUplTKWjKjpdb1CFYZxFI5o-GbaeAX_LDG26m978n_-oW3Ajimwy7qLiNuy41R3Y-2304l34zEtSnhwHyxQyiyMzEKIENTzBjNOgkG9jM5lgmq9JR33hVGJWNVn25fmk8WTS9ryRRTAVJ6Vr62PuwcdL-YH3YbBqVu4BEONrK6g3ktucO1UpXktbUWsLpTzK5SG87G-6Pu1GimhcigWE6D8QMoRJgMX5gWEaeLuhWR_rSC7aSyVTF6Qkrbjn-CFFcSJrS73I86wawosAKh04a7s21sTWC7zeMP1LjyXSvGIo3oawf-FI5Bp7cXePOR25bqN_Ae7hv3c_hWuIRP1-Nj94BNezYKTclr_vw2C7_uIew1X7dXuyWT-JkUTg6LIx-RMIwGH-
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=4D+Digital+Integration+for+Nanomaterial-Based+Monitoring+and+Treatment+of+Bridge+Piers+Defects&rft.jtitle=Buildings+%28Basel%29&rft.au=Albaqawy%2C+Ghazy+Abdullah&rft.au=Touahmia%2C+Mabrouk&rft.au=Boukendakdji%2C+Mustapha&rft.au=Ouazir%2C+Abderrahmane&rft.date=2025-02-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.issn=2075-5309&rft.eissn=2075-5309&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fbuildings15030501&rft.externalDocID=A830193381
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2075-5309&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2075-5309&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2075-5309&client=summon