Moving Beyond Normal Accidents and High Reliability Organizations: A Systems Approach to Safety in Complex Systems

In this century society faces increasingly large-scale accidents and risks emerging from our own wondrous technologies. Two prominent organizational approaches to safety, Normal Accident Theory and High Reliability Organizations, have focused attention on a variety of industries that deal with hazar...

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Vydané v:Organization studies Ročník 30; číslo 2-3; s. 227 - 249
Hlavní autori: Leveson, Nancy, Dulac, Nicolas, Marais, Karen, Carroll, John
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: London, England SAGE Publications 01.02.2009
Sage Publications Ltd
Predmet:
Accidents
Ambiguity
Complex societies
Complexity
Confusion
Definitions
Focused attention
High reliability organizations
International
Occupational accidents
Optimism
Organization theory
Organizational culture
Organizational structure
Reliability
Risk
Risk management
Safety
Social sciences
Studies
Systems approach
complexity
risk
accidents
safety
reliability
socio-technical systems
ISSN:0170-8406, 1741-3044
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Shrnutí:In this century society faces increasingly large-scale accidents and risks emerging from our own wondrous technologies. Two prominent organizational approaches to safety, Normal Accident Theory and High Reliability Organizations, have focused attention on a variety of industries that deal with hazardous situations, developed concepts to explicate organizational structure and culture, and debated whether accidents are inevitable in complex systems. We outline these approaches and identify some limitations, including narrow definitions, ambiguity about key concepts, confusion of reliability and safety, and overly pessimistic or optimistic conclusions. We believe that the debate between NAT and HRO can become a more productive three-way conversation by including a systems approach to safety emerging from engineering disciplines. The more comprehensive systems approach clarifies the strengths and weaknesses of NAT and HRO and offers a more powerful repertoire of analytic tools and intervention strategies to manage and control post modern risk in complex, high-tech, systems with their potential for catastrophic disruptions and losses.
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ISSN:0170-8406
1741-3044
DOI:10.1177/0170840608101478