On the characterization of alternatives
We present an argument for revising the theory of alternatives for Scalar Implicatures and for Association with Focus. We argue that in both cases the alternatives are determined in the same way, as a contextual restriction of the focus value of the sentence, which, in turn, is defined in structure-...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Natural language semantics Jg. 19; H. 1; S. 87 - 107 |
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| Abstract | We present an argument for revising the theory of alternatives for Scalar Implicatures and for Association with Focus. We argue that in both cases the alternatives are determined in the same way, as a contextual restriction of the focus value of the sentence, which, in turn, is defined in structure-sensitive terms. We provide evidence that contextual restriction is subject to a constraint that prevents it from discriminating between alternatives when they stand in a particular logical relationship with the assertion or the prejacent, a relationship that we refer to as symmetry. Due to this constraint on contextual restriction, discriminating between alternatives in cases of symmetry becomes the task of focus values. This conclusion is incompatible with standard type-theoretic definitions of focus values, motivating our structure-sensitive definition instead. |
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| AbstractList | We present an argument for revising the theory of alternatives for Scalar Implicatures and for Association with Focus. We argue that in both cases the alternatives are determined in the same way, as a contextual restriction of the focus value of the sentence, which, in turn, is defined in structure-sensitive terms. We provide evidence that contextual restriction is subject to a constraint that prevents it from discriminating between alternatives when they stand in a particular logical relationship with the assertion or the prejacent, a relationship that we refer to as symmetry. Due to this constraint on contextual restriction, discriminating between alternatives in cases of symmetry becomes the task of focus values. This conclusion is incompatible with standard type-theoretic definitions of focus values, motivating our structure-sensitive definition instead. We present an argument for revising the theory of alternatives for Scalar Implicatures and for Association with Focus. We argue that in both cases the alternatives are determined in the same way, as a contextual restriction of the focus value of the sentence, which, in turn, is defined in structure-sensitive terms. We provide evidence that contextual restriction is subject to a constraint that prevents it from discriminating between alternatives when they stand in a particular logical relationship with the assertion or the prejacent, a relationship that we refer to as symmetry. Due to this constraint on contextual restriction, discriminating between alternatives in cases of symmetry becomes the task of focus values. This conclusion is incompatible with standard type-theoretic definitions of focus values, motivating our structure-sensitive definition instead. Adapted from the source document |
| Author | Katzir, Roni Fox, Danny |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Danny surname: Fox fullname: Fox, Danny – sequence: 2 givenname: Roni surname: Katzir fullname: Katzir, Roni |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00053-3 10.1007/BF00627775 10.1007/BF00984960 10.3765/salt.v17i0.2967 10.1007/BF02342617 10.1007/s10849-004-2118-6 10.1093/oso/9780195171976.003.0003 10.1007/s10988-008-9029-y 10.1162/ling.2006.37.4.535 10.1057/9780230210752_4 10.1007/s11050-009-9042-x 10.1023/B:LING.0000023378.71748.db 10.1111/j.1755-2567.1988.tb00716.x 10.1007/s10988-008-9038-x |
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| Keywords | Scalar implicature Relevance Contextual restriction Focus semantics Alternatives Semantics Focus Assertion Scalarity Implicature Formal semantics Symmetry |
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| SubjectTerms | Alternatives Broken symmetry Constraints Context Definitions Focus Formal languages and grammars Homework Implicature Inference Linguistics Mathematics and linguistics Philosophy of Language Pragmatics Relevant alternatives Restrictions Saliency Scalarity Scalarity (Semantics) Scalars Semantics Social Sciences Stoles Symmetry Syntax |
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| Title | On the characterization of alternatives |
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