Pertussis-Associated Pneumonia in Infants and Children From Low- and Middle-Income Countries Participating in the PERCH Study

Few data exist describing pertussis epidemiology among infants and children in low- and middle-income countries to guide preventive strategies.  Children 1-59 months of age hospitalized with World Health Organization-defined severe or very severe pneumonia in 7 African and Asian countries and simila...

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Veröffentlicht in:Clinical infectious diseases Jg. 63; H. suppl 4; S. S187
Hauptverfasser: Barger-Kamate, Breanna, Deloria Knoll, Maria, Kagucia, E Wangeci, Prosperi, Christine, Baggett, Henry C, Brooks, W Abdullah, Feikin, Daniel R, Hammitt, Laura L, Howie, Stephen R C, Levine, Orin S, Madhi, Shabir A, Scott, J Anthony G, Thea, Donald M, Amornintapichet, Tussanee, Anderson, Trevor P, Awori, Juliet O, Baillie, Vicky L, Chipeta, James, DeLuca, Andrea N, Driscoll, Amanda J, Goswami, Doli, Higdon, Melissa M, Hossain, Lokman, Karron, Ruth A, Maloney, Susan, Moore, David P, Morpeth, Susan C, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Ofordile, Ogochukwu, Olutunde, Emmanuel, Park, Daniel E, Sow, Samba O, Tapia, Milagritos D, Murdoch, David R, O'Brien, Katherine L, Kotloff, Karen L
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States 01.12.2016
Schlagworte:
Bordetella pertussis - genetics
Case-Control Studies
Coinfection
Developing Countries
Female
HIV Infections
Hospitalization
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Mortality
Odds Ratio
Pneumonia - diagnosis
Pneumonia - epidemiology
Pneumonia - etiology
Population Surveillance
Risk Factors
Symptom Assessment
Vaccination
Whooping Cough - complications
Whooping Cough - epidemiology
Whooping Cough - prevention & control
whooping cough
pneumonia
infant
pertussis
vaccination
ISSN:1537-6591, 1537-6591
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Zusammenfassung:Few data exist describing pertussis epidemiology among infants and children in low- and middle-income countries to guide preventive strategies.  Children 1-59 months of age hospitalized with World Health Organization-defined severe or very severe pneumonia in 7 African and Asian countries and similarly aged community controls were enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study. They underwent a standardized clinical evaluation and provided nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and induced sputum (cases only) for Bordetella pertussis polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors and pertussis-associated clinical findings were identified.  Bordetella pertussis was detected in 53 of 4200 (1.3%) cases and 11 of 5196 (0.2%) controls. In the age stratum 1-5 months, 40 (2.3% of 1721) cases were positive, all from African sites, as were 8 (0.5% of 1617) controls. Pertussis-positive African cases 1-5 months old, compared to controls, were more often human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uninfected-exposed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.2), unvaccinated (aOR, 3.7), underweight (aOR, 6.3), and too young to be immunized (aOR, 16.1) (all P ≤ .05). Compared with pertussis-negative African cases in this age group, pertussis-positive cases were younger, more likely to vomit (aOR, 2.6), to cough ≥14 days (aOR, 6.3), to have leukocyte counts >20 000 cells/µL (aOR, 4.6), and to have lymphocyte counts >10 000 cells/µL (aOR, 7.2) (all P ≤ .05). The case fatality ratio of pertussis-infected pneumonia cases 1-5 months of age was 12.5% (95% confidence interval, 4.2%-26.8%; 5/40); pertussis was identified in 3.7% of 137 in-hospital deaths among African cases in this age group.  In the postneonatal period, pertussis causes a small fraction of hospitalized pneumonia cases and deaths; however, case fatality is substantial. The propensity to infect unvaccinated infants and those at risk for insufficient immunity (too young to be vaccinated, premature, HIV-infected/exposed) suggests that the role for maternal vaccination should be considered along with efforts to reduce exposure to risk factors and to optimize childhood pertussis vaccination coverage.
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ISSN:1537-6591
1537-6591
DOI:10.1093/cid/ciw546