Anatomical Proposal for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Glabellar Frown Lines

Botulinum neurotoxin injection for treating glabellar frown lines is a commonly used method; however, side effects, such as ptosis and samurai eyebrow, have been reported due to a lack of comprehensive anatomical knowledge. The anatomical factors important for the injection of the botulinum neurotox...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins Vol. 14; no. 4; p. 268
Main Authors: Yi, Kyu-Ho, Lee, Ji-Hyun, Hu, Hye-Won, Kim, Hee-Jin
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 10.04.2022
MDPI
Subjects:
botulinum neurotoxin
Botulinum toxin
Botulinum Toxins
Botulinum Toxins, Type A - therapeutic use
corrugator supercilii muscle
Eyebrows
Facial Muscles
facial wrinkle
Forehead
glabellar frown line
Injection
injection point
Localization
Muscles
Neuromuscular Agents
Neurotoxins
ptosis
Review
Side effects
Skin Aging
Toxins
corrugator supercilii muscle
injection point
facial wrinkle
ptosis
samurai eyebrow
glabellar frown line
botulinum neurotoxin
ISSN:2072-6651, 2072-6651
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Botulinum neurotoxin injection for treating glabellar frown lines is a commonly used method; however, side effects, such as ptosis and samurai eyebrow, have been reported due to a lack of comprehensive anatomical knowledge. The anatomical factors important for the injection of the botulinum neurotoxin into the corrugator supercilii muscle has been reviewed in this study. Current understanding on the localization of the botulinum neurotoxin injection point from newer anatomy examination was evaluated. We observed that for the glabellar-frown-line-related muscles, the injection point could be more accurately demarcated. We propose the injection method and the best possible injection sites for the corrugator supercilii muscle. We propose the optimal injection sites using external anatomical landmarks for the frequently injected muscles of the face to accelerate effective glabellar frown line removal. Moreover, these instructions would support a more accurate procedure without adverse events.
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ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins14040268