Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Mechanisms Controlling Cirrhosis Development

Because the liver is considered to be one of the most important metabolic organs in the body, it is continuously exposed to damaging environmental agents. Upon damage, several complex cellular and molecular mechanisms in charge of liver recovery and regeneration are activated to prevent the failure...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers Vol. 13; no. 20; p. 5045
Main Authors: Sánchez, Paula Sánchez, Rigual, María del Mar, Djouder, Nabil
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 09.10.2021
MDPI
Subjects:
Ablation
Apoptosis
Cancer therapies
Cell activation
Cirrhosis
Clinical trials
Extracellular matrix
Fibroblasts
Fibrosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Homeostasis
Inflammation
Injuries
Liver cirrhosis
Liver diseases
Medical innovations
Metabolism
Molecular modelling
Patients
Review
Risk factors
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Zonation
ISSN:2072-6694, 2072-6694
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Because the liver is considered to be one of the most important metabolic organs in the body, it is continuously exposed to damaging environmental agents. Upon damage, several complex cellular and molecular mechanisms in charge of liver recovery and regeneration are activated to prevent the failure of the organ. When liver injury becomes chronic, the regenerative response goes awry and impairs the liver function, consequently leading to cirrhosis, a liver disorder that can cause patient death. Cirrhosis has a disrupted liver architecture and zonation, along with the presence of fibrosis and parenchymal nodules, known as regenerative nodules (RNs). Inflammatory cues contribute to the cirrhotic process in response to chronic damaging agents. Cirrhosis can progress to HCC, the most common and one of the most lethal liver cancers with unmet medical needs. Considering the essential role of inflammatory pathways in the development of cirrhosis, further understanding of the relationship between immune cells and the activation of RNs and fibrosis would guide the design of innovative therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the survival of cirrhotic and HCC patients. In this review, we will summarize the inflammatory mechanisms implicated in the development of cirrhosis.
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These authors contributed equally to this paper.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers13205045