Aged microplastics polyvinyl chloride interact with copper and cause oxidative stress towards microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

•There are changes in physical and chemical properties in the aging of microplastics.•Aged microplastics pose a stronger inhibition on the growth of microalgae than that of virgin microplastics.•single microplastics and copper significantly inhibit the growth of microalgae and cause serious oxidativ...

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Published in:	Aquatic toxicology Vol. 216; p. 105319
Main Authors:	Fu, Dongdong, Zhang, Qiongjie, Fan, Zhengquan, Qi, Huaiyuan, Wang, Zezheng, Peng, Licheng
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.11.2019
Subjects:	Aged microplastics Antioxidants - metabolism Biomass carbon Cell Proliferation - drug effects Chlorella vulgaris Chlorella vulgaris - cytology Chlorella vulgaris - drug effects Chlorella vulgaris - enzymology Chlorella vulgaris - ultrastructure Copper Copper - toxicity growth retardation hydrogen bonding malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde - metabolism marine ecosystems Microalgae Microalgae - cytology Microalgae - drug effects Microalgae - enzymology Microalgae - ultrastructure microplastics Microplastics - toxicity moieties Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Particle Size physicochemical properties pollutants poly(vinyl chloride) Polyvinyl Chloride - toxicity seawater Seawater - chemistry superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism toxicity Ultraviolet Rays Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Oxidative stress Microalgae Copper Chlorella vulgaris Aged microplastics
ISSN:	0166-445X, 1879-1514, 1879-1514
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Abstract	•There are changes in physical and chemical properties in the aging of microplastics.•Aged microplastics pose a stronger inhibition on the growth of microalgae than that of virgin microplastics.•single microplastics and copper significantly inhibit the growth of microalgae and cause serious oxidative stress.•The interaction of microplastics and copper alleviates the negative effect of single microplastics and copper to microalgae. Microplastics (MPs) could pose potential risks to microalgae, the primary producer of marine ecosystems. Currently, few studies focus on the interaction of aged MPs with other pollutants and their toxic effects to microalgae. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate i) the aging of microplastics polyvinyl chloride (mPVC) in simulated seawater and the changes in physical and chemical properties; ii) the effects of single mPVC (virgin and aged) and copper on microalgae Chlorella vulgaris; and iii) the interaction of aged mPVC and copper and the oxidative stress towards C. vulgaris. In this study, some wrinkles, rough and fractured surface textures can be observed on the aged mPVC, accompanying with increased hydroxyl groups and aromatic carbon-carbon double bond but decreased carbon hydrogen bond. It was found that single virgin or aged mPVC at low concentration (10 mg/L) had significant inhibition on the growth of C. vulgaris but no inhibition at higher concentration (100, 1,000 mg/L), which can be reasonably explained by the aggregation and precipitation of mPVC at high concentration. The aging of mPVC inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris with the maximum growth inhibition ratio (IR) of 35.26% as compared with that of virgin mPVC (IR = 28.5%). However, the single copper could significantly inhibit the growth of C. vulgaris and the inhibitory effects increased with concentration (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L). Furthermore, both the single aged mPVC (10 mg/L) and copper (0.5 mg/L) caused serious cell damage, although the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the intracellular malonaldehyde (MDA) increased. In contrast to single treatment, the growth of C. vulgaris can be enhanced by the combined group with copper (0.5 mg/L) and aged mPVC (10 mg/L).
AbstractList	•There are changes in physical and chemical properties in the aging of microplastics.•Aged microplastics pose a stronger inhibition on the growth of microalgae than that of virgin microplastics.•single microplastics and copper significantly inhibit the growth of microalgae and cause serious oxidative stress.•The interaction of microplastics and copper alleviates the negative effect of single microplastics and copper to microalgae. Microplastics (MPs) could pose potential risks to microalgae, the primary producer of marine ecosystems. Currently, few studies focus on the interaction of aged MPs with other pollutants and their toxic effects to microalgae. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate i) the aging of microplastics polyvinyl chloride (mPVC) in simulated seawater and the changes in physical and chemical properties; ii) the effects of single mPVC (virgin and aged) and copper on microalgae Chlorella vulgaris; and iii) the interaction of aged mPVC and copper and the oxidative stress towards C. vulgaris. In this study, some wrinkles, rough and fractured surface textures can be observed on the aged mPVC, accompanying with increased hydroxyl groups and aromatic carbon-carbon double bond but decreased carbon hydrogen bond. It was found that single virgin or aged mPVC at low concentration (10 mg/L) had significant inhibition on the growth of C. vulgaris but no inhibition at higher concentration (100, 1,000 mg/L), which can be reasonably explained by the aggregation and precipitation of mPVC at high concentration. The aging of mPVC inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris with the maximum growth inhibition ratio (IR) of 35.26% as compared with that of virgin mPVC (IR = 28.5%). However, the single copper could significantly inhibit the growth of C. vulgaris and the inhibitory effects increased with concentration (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L). Furthermore, both the single aged mPVC (10 mg/L) and copper (0.5 mg/L) caused serious cell damage, although the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the intracellular malonaldehyde (MDA) increased. In contrast to single treatment, the growth of C. vulgaris can be enhanced by the combined group with copper (0.5 mg/L) and aged mPVC (10 mg/L). Microplastics (MPs) could pose potential risks to microalgae, the primary producer of marine ecosystems. Currently, few studies focus on the interaction of aged MPs with other pollutants and their toxic effects to microalgae. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate i) the aging of microplastics polyvinyl chloride (mPVC) in simulated seawater and the changes in physical and chemical properties; ii) the effects of single mPVC (virgin and aged) and copper on microalgae Chlorella vulgaris; and iii) the interaction of aged mPVC and copper and the oxidative stress towards C. vulgaris. In this study, some wrinkles, rough and fractured surface textures can be observed on the aged mPVC, accompanying with increased hydroxyl groups and aromatic carbon-carbon double bond but decreased carbon hydrogen bond. It was found that single virgin or aged mPVC at low concentration (10 mg/L) had significant inhibition on the growth of C. vulgaris but no inhibition at higher concentration (100, 1,000 mg/L), which can be reasonably explained by the aggregation and precipitation of mPVC at high concentration. The aging of mPVC inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris with the maximum growth inhibition ratio (IR) of 35.26% as compared with that of virgin mPVC (IR = 28.5%). However, the single copper could significantly inhibit the growth of C. vulgaris and the inhibitory effects increased with concentration (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L). Furthermore, both the single aged mPVC (10 mg/L) and copper (0.5 mg/L) caused serious cell damage, although the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the intracellular malonaldehyde (MDA) increased. In contrast to single treatment, the growth of C. vulgaris can be enhanced by the combined group with copper (0.5 mg/L) and aged mPVC (10 mg/L). Microplastics (MPs) could pose potential risks to microalgae, the primary producer of marine ecosystems. Currently, few studies focus on the interaction of aged MPs with other pollutants and their toxic effects to microalgae. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate i) the aging of microplastics polyvinyl chloride (mPVC) in simulated seawater and the changes in physical and chemical properties; ii) the effects of single mPVC (virgin and aged) and copper on microalgae Chlorella vulgaris; and iii) the interaction of aged mPVC and copper and the oxidative stress towards C. vulgaris. In this study, some wrinkles, rough and fractured surface textures can be observed on the aged mPVC, accompanying with increased hydroxyl groups and aromatic carbon-carbon double bond but decreased carbon hydrogen bond. It was found that single virgin or aged mPVC at low concentration (10 mg/L) had significant inhibition on the growth of C. vulgaris but no inhibition at higher concentration (100, 1,000 mg/L), which can be reasonably explained by the aggregation and precipitation of mPVC at high concentration. The aging of mPVC inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris with the maximum growth inhibition ratio (IR) of 35.26% as compared with that of virgin mPVC (IR = 28.5%). However, the single copper could significantly inhibit the growth of C. vulgaris and the inhibitory effects increased with concentration (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L). Furthermore, both the single aged mPVC (10 mg/L) and copper (0.5 mg/L) caused serious cell damage, although the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the intracellular malonaldehyde (MDA) increased. In contrast to single treatment, the growth of C. vulgaris can be enhanced by the combined group with copper (0.5 mg/L) and aged mPVC (10 mg/L).Microplastics (MPs) could pose potential risks to microalgae, the primary producer of marine ecosystems. Currently, few studies focus on the interaction of aged MPs with other pollutants and their toxic effects to microalgae. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate i) the aging of microplastics polyvinyl chloride (mPVC) in simulated seawater and the changes in physical and chemical properties; ii) the effects of single mPVC (virgin and aged) and copper on microalgae Chlorella vulgaris; and iii) the interaction of aged mPVC and copper and the oxidative stress towards C. vulgaris. In this study, some wrinkles, rough and fractured surface textures can be observed on the aged mPVC, accompanying with increased hydroxyl groups and aromatic carbon-carbon double bond but decreased carbon hydrogen bond. It was found that single virgin or aged mPVC at low concentration (10 mg/L) had significant inhibition on the growth of C. vulgaris but no inhibition at higher concentration (100, 1,000 mg/L), which can be reasonably explained by the aggregation and precipitation of mPVC at high concentration. The aging of mPVC inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris with the maximum growth inhibition ratio (IR) of 35.26% as compared with that of virgin mPVC (IR = 28.5%). However, the single copper could significantly inhibit the growth of C. vulgaris and the inhibitory effects increased with concentration (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L). Furthermore, both the single aged mPVC (10 mg/L) and copper (0.5 mg/L) caused serious cell damage, although the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the intracellular malonaldehyde (MDA) increased. In contrast to single treatment, the growth of C. vulgaris can be enhanced by the combined group with copper (0.5 mg/L) and aged mPVC (10 mg/L).
ArticleNumber	105319
Author	Zhang, Qiongjie Fu, Dongdong Fan, Zhengquan Wang, Zezheng Peng, Licheng Qi, Huaiyuan
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Dongdong surname: Fu fullname: Fu, Dongdong – sequence: 2 givenname: Qiongjie surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Qiongjie – sequence: 3 givenname: Zhengquan surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Zhengquan – sequence: 4 givenname: Huaiyuan surname: Qi fullname: Qi, Huaiyuan – sequence: 5 givenname: Zezheng surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Zezheng – sequence: 6 givenname: Licheng surname: Peng fullname: Peng, Licheng email: lcpeng@hainanu.edu.cn
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31586885$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	•There are changes in physical and chemical properties in the aging of microplastics.•Aged microplastics pose a stronger inhibition on the growth of microalgae... Microplastics (MPs) could pose potential risks to microalgae, the primary producer of marine ecosystems. Currently, few studies focus on the interaction of...
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SubjectTerms	Aged microplastics Antioxidants - metabolism Biomass carbon Cell Proliferation - drug effects Chlorella vulgaris Chlorella vulgaris - cytology Chlorella vulgaris - drug effects Chlorella vulgaris - enzymology Chlorella vulgaris - ultrastructure Copper Copper - toxicity growth retardation hydrogen bonding malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde - metabolism marine ecosystems Microalgae Microalgae - cytology Microalgae - drug effects Microalgae - enzymology Microalgae - ultrastructure microplastics Microplastics - toxicity moieties Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Particle Size physicochemical properties pollutants poly(vinyl chloride) Polyvinyl Chloride - toxicity seawater Seawater - chemistry superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism toxicity Ultraviolet Rays Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
Title	Aged microplastics polyvinyl chloride interact with copper and cause oxidative stress towards microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
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