Understanding secondary injury

Secondary injury is a term applied to the destructive and self-propagating biological changes in cells and tissues that lead to their dysfunction or death over hours to weeks after the initial insult (the "primary injury"). In most contexts, the initial injury is usually mechanical. The mo...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Quarterly review of biology Vol. 87; no. 2; p. 89
Main Authors: Borgens, Richard Ben, Liu-Snyder, Peishan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.06.2012
Subjects:
Apoptosis - physiology
Brain Injuries - physiopathology
Calcium Channels - metabolism
Cell Death - physiology
Edema - physiopathology
Glutamic Acid - metabolism
Hemorrhage - physiopathology
Humans
Ischemia - physiopathology
Lipid Peroxidation - physiology
Neurons - pathology
Reperfusion Injury - physiopathology
Sodium Channels - metabolism
Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism
Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology
Stroke - physiopathology
Trauma, Nervous System - metabolism
Trauma, Nervous System - pathology
Trauma, Nervous System - physiopathology
Wounds and Injuries - metabolism
Wounds and Injuries - pathology
Wounds and Injuries - physiopathology
Zinc - metabolism
ISSN:0033-5770
Online Access:Get more information
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Secondary injury is a term applied to the destructive and self-propagating biological changes in cells and tissues that lead to their dysfunction or death over hours to weeks after the initial insult (the "primary injury"). In most contexts, the initial injury is usually mechanical. The more destructive phase of secondary injury is, however, more responsible for cell death and functional deficits. This subject is described and reviewed differently in the literature. To biomedical researchers, systemic and tissue-level changes such as hemorrhage, edema, and ischemia usually define this subject. To cell and molecular biologists, "secondary injury" refers to a series of predominately molecular events and an increasingly restricted set of aberrant biochemical pathways and products. These biochemical and ionic changes are seen to lead to death of the initially compromised cells and "healthy" cells nearby through necrosis or apoptosis. This latter process is called "bystander damage." These viewpoints have largely dominated the recent literature, especially in studies of the central nervous system (CNS), often without attempts to place the molecular events in the context of progressive systemic and tissue-level changes. Here we provide a more comprehensive and inclusive discussion of this topic.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ISSN:0033-5770
DOI:10.1086/665457