Overlay live video streaming with heterogeneous bitrate requirements

We study a streaming cloud formed by distributed proxies providing live video service to diverse users (e.g., smart TVs, PCs, tablets, mobile phones, etc.). The proxies form a push-based overlay network, with each proxy serving a certain video bitrate for users to join. To form a proxy overlay servi...

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Vydané v:	Computer networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands : 1999) Ročník 74; s. 53 - 63
Hlavní autori:	Ren, Dongni, Wong, Wang Kit, Chan, S.-H. Gary
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Kidlington Elsevier B.V 09.12.2014 Elsevier Elsevier Sequoia S.A
Predmet:	Algorithms Applied sciences Artificial intelligence Broadcasting. Videocommunications. Audiovisual Centralization Cloud computing Coding, codes Computer science; control theory; systems Computer simulation Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface Delay Disruption Effectiveness studies Exact sciences and technology Heterogeneous bitrate Information, signal and communications theory Internet Live streaming Mathematical models Mobile phones Network flow problem Network topologies Networks Optimization Optimization algorithms Parent-disjoint trees Parents & parenting Pattern recognition. Digital image processing. Computational geometry Proxies Proxy client servers Signal and communications theory Simulation Software Streaming media Streams Telecommunications Telecommunications and information theory Television Trees Parent-disjoint trees Live streaming Heterogeneous bitrate Mobile phone Parent Video signal Distributed computing Modeling Delay Overlay network User service Tree Overlay Mathematical programming Availability Laptop computer Streaming Multiple description coding Computer simulation Redundancy Delay system Topology Television Distributed algorithm NP hard problem Internet Computer server
ISSN:	1389-1286, 1872-7069
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Popis
Shrnutí:	We study a streaming cloud formed by distributed proxies providing live video service to diverse users (e.g., smart TVs, PCs, tablets, mobile phones, etc.). The proxies form a push-based overlay network, with each proxy serving a certain video bitrate for users to join. To form a proxy overlay serving heterogeneous bitrates, we consider that the video is encoded into multiple MDC (Multiple-Description Coding) streams with the serving bitrate of proxy i being ki description streams. In order to effectively mitigate stream disruption due to node churns, proxy i also joins an additional ri redundant MDC streams (ri⩾0) in such a way that all the (ki+ri) streams are supplied by distinct parents. For live streaming, the critical issue is how to construct the parent-disjoint trees minimizing the assembly delay of the proxies. We present a realistic delay model capturing important system parameters and delay components, formulate the optimization problem and show that it is NP-hard. We propose a centralized algorithm which is useful for a centrally-managed network and serves as a benchmark for comparison (PADTrees-Centralized). For large network, we propose a simple and distributed algorithm which continuously reduces delay through overlay adaptation (PADTrees-Distributed). Through extensive simulation on real Internet topologies, we show that high stream continuity can be achieved with push-based trees in the presence of node churns. Our algorithms are simple and effective, achieving low loss and low delay.
Bibliografia:	SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1389-1286 1872-7069
DOI:	10.1016/j.comnet.2014.08.019