Applications, impacts, and management of biochar persistent free radicals: A review

Biochar is a promising environmental contaminant remediation agent because of its adsorptive and catalytic properties. However, the environmental effects of persistent free radicals (PFRs) produced by biomass pyrolysis (biochar production) are still poorly understood, though they have received incre...

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Vydáno v:Environmental pollution (1987) Ročník 327; s. 121543
Hlavní autoři: Zhang, Ruirui, Zhang, Ruiling, Zimmerman, Andrew R., Wang, Hailong, Gao, Bin
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Elsevier Ltd 15.06.2023
Témata:
biochar
biomass
Charcoal
Environmental applications
Environmental Pollutants
Environmental Restoration and Remediation
Environmental risks
EPFRs
Free Radicals
Migration and transformation
pollution
PRFs
pyrolysis
remediation
Migration and transformation
PRFs
Environmental applications
EPFRs
Environmental risks
ISSN:0269-7491, 1873-6424, 1873-6424
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Shrnutí:Biochar is a promising environmental contaminant remediation agent because of its adsorptive and catalytic properties. However, the environmental effects of persistent free radicals (PFRs) produced by biomass pyrolysis (biochar production) are still poorly understood, though they have received increasing research attention in recent years. Although PFRs both directly and indirectly mediate biochar's removal of environmental pollutants, they also have the potential to cause ecological damage. In order to support and sustain biochar applications, effective strategies are needed to control the negative effects of biochar PFRs. Yet, there has been no systematic evaluation of the environmental behavior, risks, or management techniques of biochar PFRs. Thus, this review: 1) outlines the formation mechanisms and types of biochar PFRs, 2) evaluates their environmental applications and potential risks, 3) summarizes their environmental migration and transformation, and 4) explores effective management strategies for biochar PFRs during both production and application phases. Finally, future research directions are recommended. [Display omitted] •Formation mechanisms and types of biochar Persistent Free Radicals (PFRs) are outlined.•Environmental applications and risks of biochar PFRs are evaluated.•Environmental migration and transformation of biochar PFRs are summarized.•Management of biochar PFRs during both production and application phases are explored.
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ISSN:0269-7491
1873-6424
1873-6424
DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121543