Hyperbola Detection with RetinaNet and Comparison of Hyperbola Fitting Methods in GPR Data from an Archaeological Site

Hyperbolic diffractions in Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data are caused by a variety of subsurface objects such as pipes, stones, or archaeological artifacts. Supplementary to their location, the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in the subsurface can be derived. In recent years, it wa...

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Vydané v:Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 14; číslo 15; s. 3665
Hlavní autori: Wunderlich, Tina, Wilken, Dennis, Majchczack, Bente Sven, Segschneider, Martin, Rabbel, Wolfgang
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2022
Predmet:
Algorithms
Archaeology
Clustering
data collection
Deep learning
Diffraction
Electromagnetic radiation
GPR
Ground penetrating radar
Historic buildings & sites
hyperbola
Hyperbolas
infrastructure
Machine learning
Medieval period
Neural networks
object detection
Propagation
Propagation velocity
Remote sensing
Underground structures
Velocity
velocity determination
Velocity errors
Wave propagation
ISSN:2072-4292, 2072-4292
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Shrnutí:Hyperbolic diffractions in Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data are caused by a variety of subsurface objects such as pipes, stones, or archaeological artifacts. Supplementary to their location, the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in the subsurface can be derived. In recent years, it was shown that deep learning tools can automatically detect hyperbola in radargrams using data measured over urban infrastructure, which are relatively clear. In contrast, in this study, we used an archaeological dataset with diverse underground structures. In the first step we used the deep learning network RetinaNet to detect hyperbola automatically and achieved an average precision of 0.58. In the next step, 10 different approaches for hyperbola fitting and thus velocity determination were applied. The derived information was validated with manually determined velocities and apex points. It was shown that hyperbola extraction by using a threshold and a column connection clustering (C3) algorithm followed by simple hyperbola fitting is the best method, which had a mean velocity error of 0.021 m/ns compared to manual determination. The average 1D velocity-depth distribution derived in 10 ns intervals was in shape comparable to the manually determined one, but had a systematic shift of about 0.01 m/ns towards higher velocities.
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ISSN:2072-4292
2072-4292
DOI:10.3390/rs14153665