Advances in WRKY regulation of immune responses in medicinal plants

Medicinal plants serve as a crucial source of traditional Chinese medicine and have garnered considerable attention due to their unique bioactive compounds and notable pharmacological properties. However, during natural growth, these plants are frequently susceptible to infection by various pathogen...

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Vydané v:Frontiers in plant science Ročník 16; s. 1659732
Hlavní autori: Zhong, Xinying, Chen, Nana, Li, Hongwei, Wang, Yaxuan, Guo, Ziyi, Shi, Guiyuan, Zhan, Xingkai, Li, Lin
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland Frontiers Media SA 01.10.2025
Frontiers Media S.A
Predmet:
Artificial intelligence
Bioactive compounds
Biosynthesis
Budding
CRISPR
Disease
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Genetic modification
Genetic transformation
Genome editing
Herbal medicine
Histones
immune regulation
Immune response
immune responses
Immunity (Disease)
Kinases
Lignin
MAP kinase
Medicinal plants
Metabolic rate
Metabolites
Microorganisms
molecular mechanisms
Pathogens
Pests
Plant diseases
Plant hormones
Plant immunity
Plant resistance
Regulatory mechanisms (biology)
Regulatory sequences
Resource development
Secondary metabolites
Signal transduction
Traditional Chinese medicine
Transcription factors
WRKY transcription factors
molecular mechanisms
medicinal plants
WRKY transcription factors
immune regulation
immune responses
ISSN:1664-462X, 1664-462X
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Shrnutí:Medicinal plants serve as a crucial source of traditional Chinese medicine and have garnered considerable attention due to their unique bioactive compounds and notable pharmacological properties. However, during natural growth, these plants are frequently susceptible to infection by various pathogenic microorganisms, pests and nematodes, leading to reduced yields and inconsistent accumulation of medicinal compounds, thereby significantly limiting their resource development and utilization. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are central regulators of plant immunity that integrate pathogen-perception signals, coordinate signaling pathways, and transcriptionally control defense-gene expression . This review provides a systematic synthesis of current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of WRKY TFs in the immune responses of medicinal plants. Emphasis is placed on their roles in cellular metabolic regulation, activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, integration of phytohormone signaling, and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In addition, we highlight that WRKY TFs orchestrate immune responses at multiple levels through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. Furthermore, it is proposed that transgenic approaches and Cut-Dip-Budding (CDB)-mediated transformation be integrated with gene editing technologies such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), in conjunction with artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted identification of key regulatory elements. This integrated strategy offers novel insights and theoretical support for establishing efficient immune regulatory networks and breeding disease-resistant medicinal plant varieties.
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ISSN:1664-462X
1664-462X
DOI:10.3389/fpls.2025.1659732