Population‐level changes in perinatal death for pregnancies prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A pregnancy cohort analysis

Background Results of population‐level studies examining the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied considerably. Objectives To explore trends in the risk of perinatal death among pregnancies beginning prior to and during the pandemic using a pregnancy cohort app...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology Jg. 38; H. 7; S. 583 - 593
Hauptverfasser:	Funk, Anna, Stephenson, Nikki, McNeil, Deborah A., Kuret, Verena, Castillo, Eliana, Parmar, Radhmilla, Nerenberg, Kara A., Teare, Gary, Klein, Kristin, Metcalfe, Amy
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.09.2024
Schlagworte:	Clinical outcomes COVID-19 COVID‐19 pandemic Death Health risks Human exposure Infant mortality interrupted time‐series analysis Maternal & child health Neonatal care neonatal death Neonates Pandemics Perinatal exposure population health Population studies Pregnancy Public health Stillbirth Trends interrupted time‐series analysis stillbirth COVID‐19 pandemic population health neonatal death
ISSN:	0269-5022, 1365-3016, 1365-3016
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Abstract	Background Results of population‐level studies examining the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied considerably. Objectives To explore trends in the risk of perinatal death among pregnancies beginning prior to and during the pandemic using a pregnancy cohort approach. Methods This secondary analysis included data from singleton pregnancies ≥20 weeks' gestation in Alberta, Canada, beginning between 5 March 2017 and 4 March 2021. Perinatal death (i.e. stillbirth or neonatal death) was the primary outcome considered. The risk of this outcome was calculated for pregnancies with varying gestational overlap with the pandemic (i.e. none, 0–20 weeks, entire pregnancy). Interrupted time series analysis was used to further determine temporal trends in the outcome by time period of interest. Results There were 190,853 pregnancies during the analysis period. Overall, the risk of perinatal death decreased with increasing levels of pandemic exposure; this outcome was experienced in 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9, 1.0), 0.9% (95% CI 0.8, 1.1) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.7, 0.9) of pregnancies with no overlap, partial overlap and complete pandemic overlap respectively. Pregnancies beginning during the pandemic that had high antepartum risk scores less frequently led to perinatal death compared to those beginning prior; 3.3% (95% CI 2.7, 3.9) versus 5.7% (95% CI 5.0, 6.5) respectively. Interrupted time‐series analysis revealed a decreasing temporal trend in perinatal death for pregnancies beginning ≤40 weeks prior to the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic (i.e. with pandemic exposure), with no trend for pregnancies beginning >40 weeks pre‐pandemic (i.e. no pandemic exposure). Conclusion We observed a decrease in perinatal death for pregnancies overlapping with the COVID‐19 pandemic in Alberta, particularly among those at high risk of these outcomes. Specific pandemic control measures and government response programmes in our setting may have contributed to this finding.
AbstractList	Background Results of population‐level studies examining the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied considerably. Objectives To explore trends in the risk of perinatal death among pregnancies beginning prior to and during the pandemic using a pregnancy cohort approach. Methods This secondary analysis included data from singleton pregnancies ≥20 weeks' gestation in Alberta, Canada, beginning between 5 March 2017 and 4 March 2021. Perinatal death (i.e. stillbirth or neonatal death) was the primary outcome considered. The risk of this outcome was calculated for pregnancies with varying gestational overlap with the pandemic (i.e. none, 0–20 weeks, entire pregnancy). Interrupted time series analysis was used to further determine temporal trends in the outcome by time period of interest. Results There were 190,853 pregnancies during the analysis period. Overall, the risk of perinatal death decreased with increasing levels of pandemic exposure; this outcome was experienced in 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9, 1.0), 0.9% (95% CI 0.8, 1.1) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.7, 0.9) of pregnancies with no overlap, partial overlap and complete pandemic overlap respectively. Pregnancies beginning during the pandemic that had high antepartum risk scores less frequently led to perinatal death compared to those beginning prior; 3.3% (95% CI 2.7, 3.9) versus 5.7% (95% CI 5.0, 6.5) respectively. Interrupted time‐series analysis revealed a decreasing temporal trend in perinatal death for pregnancies beginning ≤40 weeks prior to the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic (i.e. with pandemic exposure), with no trend for pregnancies beginning >40 weeks pre‐pandemic (i.e. no pandemic exposure). Conclusion We observed a decrease in perinatal death for pregnancies overlapping with the COVID‐19 pandemic in Alberta, particularly among those at high risk of these outcomes. Specific pandemic control measures and government response programmes in our setting may have contributed to this finding. Results of population-level studies examining the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied considerably. To explore trends in the risk of perinatal death among pregnancies beginning prior to and during the pandemic using a pregnancy cohort approach. This secondary analysis included data from singleton pregnancies ≥20 weeks' gestation in Alberta, Canada, beginning between 5 March 2017 and 4 March 2021. Perinatal death (i.e. stillbirth or neonatal death) was the primary outcome considered. The risk of this outcome was calculated for pregnancies with varying gestational overlap with the pandemic (i.e. none, 0-20 weeks, entire pregnancy). Interrupted time series analysis was used to further determine temporal trends in the outcome by time period of interest. There were 190,853 pregnancies during the analysis period. Overall, the risk of perinatal death decreased with increasing levels of pandemic exposure; this outcome was experienced in 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9, 1.0), 0.9% (95% CI 0.8, 1.1) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.7, 0.9) of pregnancies with no overlap, partial overlap and complete pandemic overlap respectively. Pregnancies beginning during the pandemic that had high antepartum risk scores less frequently led to perinatal death compared to those beginning prior; 3.3% (95% CI 2.7, 3.9) versus 5.7% (95% CI 5.0, 6.5) respectively. Interrupted time-series analysis revealed a decreasing temporal trend in perinatal death for pregnancies beginning ≤40 weeks prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. with pandemic exposure), with no trend for pregnancies beginning >40 weeks pre-pandemic (i.e. no pandemic exposure). We observed a decrease in perinatal death for pregnancies overlapping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, particularly among those at high risk of these outcomes. Specific pandemic control measures and government response programmes in our setting may have contributed to this finding. Results of population-level studies examining the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied considerably.BACKGROUNDResults of population-level studies examining the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied considerably.To explore trends in the risk of perinatal death among pregnancies beginning prior to and during the pandemic using a pregnancy cohort approach.OBJECTIVESTo explore trends in the risk of perinatal death among pregnancies beginning prior to and during the pandemic using a pregnancy cohort approach.This secondary analysis included data from singleton pregnancies ≥20 weeks' gestation in Alberta, Canada, beginning between 5 March 2017 and 4 March 2021. Perinatal death (i.e. stillbirth or neonatal death) was the primary outcome considered. The risk of this outcome was calculated for pregnancies with varying gestational overlap with the pandemic (i.e. none, 0-20 weeks, entire pregnancy). Interrupted time series analysis was used to further determine temporal trends in the outcome by time period of interest.METHODSThis secondary analysis included data from singleton pregnancies ≥20 weeks' gestation in Alberta, Canada, beginning between 5 March 2017 and 4 March 2021. Perinatal death (i.e. stillbirth or neonatal death) was the primary outcome considered. The risk of this outcome was calculated for pregnancies with varying gestational overlap with the pandemic (i.e. none, 0-20 weeks, entire pregnancy). Interrupted time series analysis was used to further determine temporal trends in the outcome by time period of interest.There were 190,853 pregnancies during the analysis period. Overall, the risk of perinatal death decreased with increasing levels of pandemic exposure; this outcome was experienced in 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9, 1.0), 0.9% (95% CI 0.8, 1.1) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.7, 0.9) of pregnancies with no overlap, partial overlap and complete pandemic overlap respectively. Pregnancies beginning during the pandemic that had high antepartum risk scores less frequently led to perinatal death compared to those beginning prior; 3.3% (95% CI 2.7, 3.9) versus 5.7% (95% CI 5.0, 6.5) respectively. Interrupted time-series analysis revealed a decreasing temporal trend in perinatal death for pregnancies beginning ≤40 weeks prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. with pandemic exposure), with no trend for pregnancies beginning >40 weeks pre-pandemic (i.e. no pandemic exposure).RESULTSThere were 190,853 pregnancies during the analysis period. Overall, the risk of perinatal death decreased with increasing levels of pandemic exposure; this outcome was experienced in 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9, 1.0), 0.9% (95% CI 0.8, 1.1) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.7, 0.9) of pregnancies with no overlap, partial overlap and complete pandemic overlap respectively. Pregnancies beginning during the pandemic that had high antepartum risk scores less frequently led to perinatal death compared to those beginning prior; 3.3% (95% CI 2.7, 3.9) versus 5.7% (95% CI 5.0, 6.5) respectively. Interrupted time-series analysis revealed a decreasing temporal trend in perinatal death for pregnancies beginning ≤40 weeks prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. with pandemic exposure), with no trend for pregnancies beginning >40 weeks pre-pandemic (i.e. no pandemic exposure).We observed a decrease in perinatal death for pregnancies overlapping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, particularly among those at high risk of these outcomes. Specific pandemic control measures and government response programmes in our setting may have contributed to this finding.CONCLUSIONWe observed a decrease in perinatal death for pregnancies overlapping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, particularly among those at high risk of these outcomes. Specific pandemic control measures and government response programmes in our setting may have contributed to this finding. BackgroundResults of population‐level studies examining the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied considerably.ObjectivesTo explore trends in the risk of perinatal death among pregnancies beginning prior to and during the pandemic using a pregnancy cohort approach.MethodsThis secondary analysis included data from singleton pregnancies ≥20 weeks' gestation in Alberta, Canada, beginning between 5 March 2017 and 4 March 2021. Perinatal death (i.e. stillbirth or neonatal death) was the primary outcome considered. The risk of this outcome was calculated for pregnancies with varying gestational overlap with the pandemic (i.e. none, 0–20 weeks, entire pregnancy). Interrupted time series analysis was used to further determine temporal trends in the outcome by time period of interest.ResultsThere were 190,853 pregnancies during the analysis period. Overall, the risk of perinatal death decreased with increasing levels of pandemic exposure; this outcome was experienced in 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9, 1.0), 0.9% (95% CI 0.8, 1.1) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.7, 0.9) of pregnancies with no overlap, partial overlap and complete pandemic overlap respectively. Pregnancies beginning during the pandemic that had high antepartum risk scores less frequently led to perinatal death compared to those beginning prior; 3.3% (95% CI 2.7, 3.9) versus 5.7% (95% CI 5.0, 6.5) respectively. Interrupted time‐series analysis revealed a decreasing temporal trend in perinatal death for pregnancies beginning ≤40 weeks prior to the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic (i.e. with pandemic exposure), with no trend for pregnancies beginning >40 weeks pre‐pandemic (i.e. no pandemic exposure).ConclusionWe observed a decrease in perinatal death for pregnancies overlapping with the COVID‐19 pandemic in Alberta, particularly among those at high risk of these outcomes. Specific pandemic control measures and government response programmes in our setting may have contributed to this finding.
Author	Stephenson, Nikki Parmar, Radhmilla Castillo, Eliana Kuret, Verena Nerenberg, Kara A. Metcalfe, Amy Klein, Kristin Funk, Anna McNeil, Deborah A. Teare, Gary
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Snippet	Background Results of population‐level studies examining the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied considerably.... Results of population-level studies examining the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied considerably. To explore trends... BackgroundResults of population‐level studies examining the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied... Results of population-level studies examining the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risks of perinatal death have varied considerably.BACKGROUNDResults of...
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StartPage	583
SubjectTerms	Clinical outcomes COVID-19 COVID‐19 pandemic Death Health risks Human exposure Infant mortality interrupted time‐series analysis Maternal & child health Neonatal care neonatal death Neonates Pandemics Perinatal exposure population health Population studies Pregnancy Public health Stillbirth Trends
Title	Population‐level changes in perinatal death for pregnancies prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A pregnancy cohort analysis
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