A journey into the world of small RNAs in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic interaction between fungi and most land plants that is underpinned by a bidirectional exchange of nutrients. AM development is a tightly regulated process that encompasses molecular communication for reciprocal recognition, fungal accomm...

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Published in:The New phytologist Vol. 242; no. 4; pp. 1534 - 1544
Main Authors: Ledford, William Conrad, Silvestri, Alessandro, Fiorilli, Valentina, Roth, Ronelle, Rubio‐Somoza, Ignacio, Lanfranco, Luisa
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.05.2024
Subjects:
arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Arbuscular mycorrhizas
Body organs
cross‐kingdom RNA interference
Fungi
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Gene regulation
Mycorrhizae - genetics
Mycorrhizae - physiology
Nutrients
Plant tissues
Plants
plant–microbe interactions
RNA interference
RNA, Small Untranslated - genetics
small RNA
Symbionts
Symbiosis
Symbiosis - genetics
Transcription
Transcription factors
cross‐kingdom RNA interference
RNA interference
small RNA
plant–microbe interactions
arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
ISSN:0028-646X, 1469-8137, 1469-8137
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic interaction between fungi and most land plants that is underpinned by a bidirectional exchange of nutrients. AM development is a tightly regulated process that encompasses molecular communication for reciprocal recognition, fungal accommodation in root tissues and activation of symbiotic function. As such, a complex network of transcriptional regulation and molecular signaling underlies the cellular and metabolic reprogramming of host cells upon AM fungal colonization. In addition to transcription factors, small RNAs (sRNAs) are emerging as important regulators embedded in the gene network that orchestrates AM development. In addition to controlling cell‐autonomous processes, plant sRNAs also function as mobile signals capable of moving to different organs and even to different plants or organisms that interact with plants. AM fungi also produce sRNAs; however, their function in the AM symbiosis remains largely unknown. Here, we discuss the contribution of host sRNAs in the development of AM symbiosis by considering their role in the transcriptional reprogramming of AM fungal colonized cells. We also describe the characteristics of AM fungal‐derived sRNAs and emerging evidence for the bidirectional transfer of functional sRNAs between the two partners to mutually modulate gene expression and control the symbiosis.
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ISSN:0028-646X
1469-8137
1469-8137
DOI:10.1111/nph.19394