Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic risk factors in South Asians living in the United States

South Asians are at high risk of metabolic syndrome, and dietary patterns may influence this risk. We aimed to determine prevalent dietary patterns for South Asians in the United States and their associations with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. South Asians aged 40-84 y without known cardiovas...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of nutrition Vol. 145; no. 6; p. 1211
Main Authors: Gadgil, Meghana D, Anderson, Cheryl A M, Kandula, Namratha R, Kanaya, Alka M
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.06.2015
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Asian People
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology
Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control
Cholesterol, HDL - blood
Cholesterol, LDL - blood
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dairy Products
Energy Intake
Fasting
Feeding Behavior
Female
Fruit
Hemoglobins - metabolism
Humans
Insulin - blood
Linear Models
Logistic Models
Male
Metabolic Syndrome - ethnology
Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control
Middle Aged
Principal Component Analysis
Risk Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Triglycerides - blood
United States - epidemiology
Vegetables
United States
atherosclerosis
metabolic syndrome
South Asian
diabetes
dietary patterns
ISSN:1541-6100, 1541-6100
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Summary:South Asians are at high risk of metabolic syndrome, and dietary patterns may influence this risk. We aimed to determine prevalent dietary patterns for South Asians in the United States and their associations with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. South Asians aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a community-based cohort called Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America. A validated food frequency questionnaire and serum samples for fasting and 2-h glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and total and HDL cholesterol were collected cross-sectionally. We used principal component analysis with varimax rotation to determine dietary patterns, and sequential linear and logistic regression models for associations with metabolic factors. A total of 892 participants were included (47% women). We identified 3 major dietary patterns: animal protein; fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy; and fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. These were analyzed by tertile of factor score. The highest vs. the lowest tertile of the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy pattern was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: 1.88 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) and lower HDL cholesterol (β: -4.48 mg/dL) in a model adjusted for age, sex, study site, and caloric intake (P < 0.05). The animal protein pattern was associated with higher body mass index (β: 0.73 m/kg(2)), waist circumference (β: 0.84 cm), total cholesterol (β: 8.16 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol (β: 5.69 mg/dL) (all P < 0.05). The fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR: 0.63) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.53), and lower HOMA-IR (β: 1.95 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) (P < 0.05). The animal protein and the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy patterns were associated with adverse metabolic risk factors in South Asians in the United States, whereas the fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was linked with a decreased prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
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ISSN:1541-6100
1541-6100
DOI:10.3945/jn.114.207753