Drivers of plant functional group richness and beta diversity in fire-dependent pine savannas

Aim To assess the drivers of plant functional group richness and beta diversity in fire‐maintained North American Coastal Plain (NACP) savannas. Location The southern portion of the NACP, a global biodiversity hotspot. This region is characterized by fire‐dependent pine savanna fragments that are is...

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Vydáno v:	Diversity & distributions Ročník 25; číslo 7; s. 1024 - 1044
Hlavní autoři:	Freeman, Johanna E., Kobziar, Leda N., Leone, Erin H., Williges, Kent
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Oxford Wiley 01.07.2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Témata:	Agricultural practices beta diversity Biodiversity Biodiversity hot spots BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH Coastal plains Controlled burning Environmental gradient fire regime fire regimes fires Florida Forestry Functional groups Georgia Grasslands Growing season Harbors landscapes nestedness pine savannas Plant communities Plant species plantation forestry Plantations prescribed burning Prescribed fire Savannahs savannas Seasonal variations Soil types Species diversity Species richness Statistical models trees Urban agriculture Urban development Vegetation vegetation structure Florida Georgia
ISSN:	1366-9516, 1472-4642
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Shrnutí:	Aim To assess the drivers of plant functional group richness and beta diversity in fire‐maintained North American Coastal Plain (NACP) savannas. Location The southern portion of the NACP, a global biodiversity hotspot. This region is characterized by fire‐dependent pine savanna fragments that are isolated within a matrix of agriculture, urban development, non‐pyrogenic plant communities and plantation forestry. Methods We used nested quadrats to sample plant species on 30 fire‐maintained savanna preserves in Florida and Georgia, USA. We analysed between‐site Sørenson dissimilarity, a measure of beta diversity, using NMDS and PerMANOVA. We measured nestedness using NODF, and we used Betapart to partition Sørenson dissimilarity into nestedness and turnover components. We used linear and generalized linear mixed models to explore drivers of functional group richness and composition, including fire regime (return interval, number of fires, time since fire and seasonality), vegetation structure (herbaceous cover, woody cover and tree density) and spatial factors (surrounding landscape and geographic distance). Results We found turnover‐dominated beta‐diversity patterns in all functional groups. Turnover was explained partly by spatial and environmental gradients, but roughly half of the turnover between sites was unexplained. Species richness was higher on sites where fire and fire surrogates had been used longer and more consistently, and these effects were partly independent of current vegetation structure. Fire regimes containing more growing season fire and more diversity of burn seasons promoted higher species richness. Relationships between small‐scale and large‐scale species richness varied by soil type and functional group. Main conclusions Fire‐maintained savannas in the southeastern NACP vary greatly in their plant functional group richness, but high beta diversity resulting primarily from species turnover suggests that even species‐poor sites can harbour less‐common members of the regional plant metacommunity. Prescribed fire regimes that include growing season fire as well as a diversity of burn seasons may best promote species and functional group richness.
Bibliografie:	https://www.fs.usda.gov/rds/archive/ . DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The data supporting this study are being archived with the United States Department of Agriculture: Forest Service Research Data Archive ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1366-9516 1472-4642
DOI:	10.1111/ddi.12926