Update on pathomechanisms and treatments in allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence and association with an enormous medical and socioeconomic burden. New recognition of immune cells such as type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s), T helper (Th2) 2 cells, follicular helper T cells, follicular regulatory T cells,...

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Veröffentlicht in:Allergy (Copenhagen) Jg. 77; H. 11; S. 3309 - 3319
Hauptverfasser: Zhang, Yuan, Lan, Feng, Zhang, Luo
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2022
Schlagworte:
Allergens
Allergic rhinitis
biomarkers
CD4-positive T-lymphocytes
Clinical trials
cost effectiveness
COVID-19
COVID-19 infection
Dendritic cells
Epithelial cells
epithelium
etiology
Hay fever
Humans
immune cells
Immunity, Innate
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoregulation
Immunotherapy
Inflammation
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
mechanisms
mortality
Pandemics
pathogenesis
Public health
Rhinitis
Rhinitis, Allergic - diagnosis
Rhinitis, Allergic - therapy
Risk factors
COVID-19
immune cells
allergic rhinitis
mechanisms
immunotherapy
ISSN:0105-4538, 1398-9995, 1398-9995
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence and association with an enormous medical and socioeconomic burden. New recognition of immune cells such as type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s), T helper (Th2) 2 cells, follicular helper T cells, follicular regulatory T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells in AR pathogenesis has been updated in this review paper. An in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying AR will aid the identification of biomarkers associated with disease and ultimately provide valuable parameters critical to guide personalized targeted therapy. As the only etiological treatment option for AR, allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) has attracted increasing attention, with evidence for effectiveness of AIT recently demonstrated in several randomized controlled trials and long‐term real‐life studies. The exploration of biologics as therapeutic options has only involved anti‐IgE and anti‐type 2 inflammatory agents; however, the cost‐effectiveness of these agents remains to be elucidated precisely. In the midst of the currently on‐going COVID‐19 pandemic, a global life‐threatening disease, although some studies have indicated that AR is not a risk factor for severity and mortality of COVID‐19, this needs to be confirmed in multi‐centre, real‐life studies of AR patients from different parts of the world.
Bibliographie:Funding information
(
This work was supported by the program for the Changjiang scholars and innovative research team (IRT13082), the National Natural Science Foundation of China
82071022), Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (Z181100001618002) and Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology (Z191100001119117
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ISSN:0105-4538
1398-9995
1398-9995
DOI:10.1111/all.15454