Multi-scaled drivers of severity patterns vary across land ownerships for the 2013 Rim Fire, California

Context As the frequency of large, severe fires increases, detecting the drivers of spatial fire severity patterns is key to predicting controls provided by weather, fuels, topography, and management. Objectives Identify the biophysical and management drivers of severity patterns and their spatial v...

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Vydáno v:	Landscape ecology Ročník 35; číslo 2; s. 293 - 318
Hlavní autoři:	Povak, Nicholas A., Kane, Van R., Collins, Brandon M., Lydersen, Jamie M., Kane, Jonathan T.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.02.2020 Springer Nature B.V
Témata:	algorithms autocorrelation Biomedical and Life Sciences California Ecology environmental factors Environmental Management Extreme weather fire severity fire spread fire weather Forest management Fuels fuels (fire ecology) Heterogeneity land ownership Landscape Ecology Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning landscapes Life Sciences mountains National forests National parks Nature Conservation prediction Predictive control Research Article Restoration Spatial analysis Spatial dependencies Stanislaus National Forest Sustainable Development Topography Variability Variance Weather Wildfires United States > US California Stanislaus National Forest Rim fire Fire severity Spatial autocorrelation Variable importance Variance partitioning Machine learning
ISSN:	0921-2973, 1572-9761
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Shrnutí:	Context As the frequency of large, severe fires increases, detecting the drivers of spatial fire severity patterns is key to predicting controls provided by weather, fuels, topography, and management. Objectives Identify the biophysical and management drivers of severity patterns and their spatial variability across the 2013 Rim Fire, Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Methods Random forest models were developed separately for reburned and fire-excluded (> 80 year) areas within Yosemite National Park (NP) and Stanislaus National Forest (NF). Models included biophysical, past disturbance, and spatial autocorrelation (SA) predictors. Variable importance was assessed globally and locally. Variance partitioning was used to assess pure and shared variance among predictors. Results High spatial variability in the relative dominance of predictors existed across burn days and between land ownerships. Fire weather was a dominant top-down control during plume-dominated fire spread days. However, bottom-up controls from fuels and topography created local, fine-scale heterogeneity throughout. Reburn severity correlated with previous severity suggesting strong landscape memory, particularly in Yosemite NP. SA analysis showed broad-scale spatial dependencies and high shared variance among predictors. Conclusions Wildfires are inherently a multi-scaled process. Spatial structure in environmental variables create broad-scale patterns and dependencies among drivers leading to regions of similar fire behavior, while local bottom-up drivers generate fine-scaled heterogeneity. Identifying the conditions under which top-down factors overwhelm bottom-up controls can help managers monitor and manage wildfires to achieve both suppression and restoration goals. Restoration targeting both surface and ladder fuels can mediate future fire severity even under extreme weather conditions.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	0921-2973 1572-9761
DOI:	10.1007/s10980-019-00947-z