Prenatal and child vitamin D levels and allergy and asthma in childhood

Background Early-life vitamin D deficiency may impair immune system development contributing to allergy and asthma onset. Findings from prospective studies are inconsistent. Objective To examine whether maternal and child vitamin D levels are associated with allergic and asthma-related symptoms thro...

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Published in:Pediatric research Vol. 93; no. 6; pp. 1745 - 1751
Main Authors: Sangüesa, Júlia, Sunyer, Jordi, Garcia-Esteban, Raquel, Abellan, Alicia, Esplugues, Ana, Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, Guxens, Mònica, Irizar, Amaia, Júlvez, Jordi, Luque-García, Leire, Rodríguez-Dehli, Ana Cristina, Tardón, Adonina, Torrent, Maties, Vioque, Jesús, Vrijheid, Martine, Casas, Maribel
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.05.2023
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
Allergies
Asthma
Child
Child, Preschool
Childhood
Children & youth
Cohort Studies
Dermatitis, Atopic - epidemiology
Eczema
Female
Humans
Hypersensitivity
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Pediatric Surgery
Pediatrics
Population Study Article
Pregnancy
Prospective Studies
Respiratory Sounds
Surveys and Questionnaires
Vitamin D
Vitamin D Deficiency - complications
Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology
Vitamin deficiency
Vitamins
ISSN:0031-3998, 1530-0447, 1530-0447
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Background Early-life vitamin D deficiency may impair immune system development contributing to allergy and asthma onset. Findings from prospective studies are inconsistent. Objective To examine whether maternal and child vitamin D levels are associated with allergic and asthma-related symptoms throughout childhood in a Spanish birth cohort. Methods 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25(OH)D 3 ) levels were measured in the serum of pregnant women ( N  = 2525) and children ( N  = 803). Information on allergic and asthma-related symptoms was obtained from repeated questionnaires from 1 to 9 years. Results A total of 19% of mothers and 24% of children had deficient 25(OH)D 3 levels (<20 ng/ml). Higher child 25(OH)D 3 levels at 4 years were associated with lower odds of atopic eczema from 4 to 9 years (adjusted odds ratio = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.84–0.97 per 5 ng/ml). Higher maternal and child 25(OH)D 3 levels were associated with a lower prevalence of late-onset wheezing at the limit of statistical significance (adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR adj ) = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.74–1.00 and RRR adj  = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.58–1.02 per 5 ng/ml, respectively). All the remaining associations were null. Conclusion Child 25(OH)D 3 levels at pre-school age are associated with a reduced odds of atopic eczema in later childhood and both maternal and child levels may reduce the prevalence of late-onset wheezing. Impact In this Spanish birth cohort, with a total of 19% of mothers and 24% of children with deficient levels of vitamin D, higher child vitamin D at 4 years of age was associated with reduced odds of atopic eczema up to 9 years. There was also some evidence that higher maternal and child vitamin D levels reduced the prevalence of late-onset wheezing. Although these findings need replication, they may imply optimal vitamin D levels at pre-school age to prevent atopic eczema.
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ISSN:0031-3998
1530-0447
1530-0447
DOI:10.1038/s41390-022-02256-9