Characterization and therapeutic strategies for refractory vulvar lichen sclerosus: an 8-year single-center retrospective study and current evidence synthesis

Untreated vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) can lead to irreversible anatomical changes and increase malignancy risk. Some patients show poor response to standard treatments, resulting in refractory cases (RVLS). To explore risk factors associated with RVLS and integrate treatment strategies for improve...

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