Maximum likelihood separation of anthropogenic and wind-generated underwater noise
A method is presented for simultaneous estimation of the probability distributions of both anthropogenic and wind-generated underwater noise power spectral density using only acoustic data recorded with a single hydrophone. Probability density models for both noise sources are suggested, and the mod...
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| Vydané v: | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Ročník 152; číslo 3; s. 1292 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
01.09.2022
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| ISSN: | 1520-8524, 1520-8524 |
| On-line prístup: | Zistit podrobnosti o prístupe |
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| Shrnutí: | A method is presented for simultaneous estimation of the probability distributions of both anthropogenic and wind-generated underwater noise power spectral density using only acoustic data recorded with a single hydrophone. Probability density models for both noise sources are suggested, and the model parameters are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. A generic mixture model is utilized to model a time invariant anthropogenic noise distribution. Wind-generated noise is assumed normally distributed with a wind speed-dependent mean. The mean is then modeled as an affine linear function of the wind-generated noise level at a reference frequency, selected in a frequency range where the anthropogenic noise is less dominant. The method was used to successfully estimate the wind-generated noise spectra from ambient noise recordings collected at two locations in the southern Baltic Sea. At the North location, 3 km from the nearest shipping lane, the ship noise surpasses the wind-generated noise almost 100% of the time in the frequency band 63-400 Hz during summer for wind speed 7 m/s. At the South location, 14 km to the nearest shipping lane, the ship noise dominance is lower but still 40%-90% in the same frequencies and wind speed.A method is presented for simultaneous estimation of the probability distributions of both anthropogenic and wind-generated underwater noise power spectral density using only acoustic data recorded with a single hydrophone. Probability density models for both noise sources are suggested, and the model parameters are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. A generic mixture model is utilized to model a time invariant anthropogenic noise distribution. Wind-generated noise is assumed normally distributed with a wind speed-dependent mean. The mean is then modeled as an affine linear function of the wind-generated noise level at a reference frequency, selected in a frequency range where the anthropogenic noise is less dominant. The method was used to successfully estimate the wind-generated noise spectra from ambient noise recordings collected at two locations in the southern Baltic Sea. At the North location, 3 km from the nearest shipping lane, the ship noise surpasses the wind-generated noise almost 100% of the time in the frequency band 63-400 Hz during summer for wind speed 7 m/s. At the South location, 14 km to the nearest shipping lane, the ship noise dominance is lower but still 40%-90% in the same frequencies and wind speed. |
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| Bibliografia: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ISSN: | 1520-8524 1520-8524 |
| DOI: | 10.1121/10.0013887 |