How Well Are We Measuring Snow Post-SPICE?

Accurate snowfall measurements are necessary for meteorology, hydrology, and climate research. Typical uses include creating and calibrating gridded precipitation products, the verification of model simulations, driving hydrologic models, input into aircraft deicing processes, and estimating streamf...

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Vydáno v:	Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Ročník 103; číslo 2; s. E370 - E388
Hlavní autoři:	Kochendorfer, John, Earle, Michael, Rasmussen, Roy, Smith, Craig, Yang, Daqing, Morin, Samuel, Mekis, Eva, Buisan, Samuel, Roulet, Yves-Alain, Landolt, Scott, Wolff, Mareile, Hoover, Jeffery, Thériault, Julie M., Lee, Gyuwon, Baker, Bruce, Nitu, Rodica, Lanza, Luca, Colli, Matteo, Meyers, Tilden
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Boston American Meteorological Society 01.02.2022
Témata:	Automation Chemical precipitation Climate change Cold Deicers Deicing Gauges Glaciers Hydrologic models Hydrology Ice sheets Intercomparison Measurement techniques Metadata Meteorology Ocean, Atmosphere Precipitation Precipitation gauges Precipitation measurements Rain Regions Reservoirs Runoff Sciences of the Universe Sensors Snow Snowfall Stream discharge Stream flow United States > US Japan Switzerland Russia Spain New Zealand Canada Norway Finland Poland Italy Australia France Chile Nepal
ISSN:	0003-0007, 1520-0477
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Accurate snowfall measurements are necessary for meteorology, hydrology, and climate research. Typical uses include creating and calibrating gridded precipitation products, the verification of model simulations, driving hydrologic models, input into aircraft deicing processes, and estimating streamflow runoff in the spring. These applications are significantly impacted by errors in solid precipitation measurements. The recent WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) attempted to characterize and reduce some of the measurement uncertainties through an international effort involving 15 countries utilizing over 20 types and models of precipitation gauges from various manufacturers. Key results from WMO-SPICE are presented herein. Recent work and future research opportunities that build on the results of WMO-SPICE are also highlighted.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ISSN:	0003-0007 1520-0477
DOI:	10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0228.1