Generating test data from state-based specifications
Although the majority of software testing in industry is conducted at the system level, most formal research has focused on the unit level. As a result, most system‐level testing techniques are only described informally. This paper presents formal testing criteria for system level testing that are b...
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| Vydáno v: | Software testing, verification & reliability Ročník 13; číslo 1; s. 25 - 53 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Chichester, UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
01.01.2003
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| ISSN: | 0960-0833, 1099-1689 |
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| Abstract | Although the majority of software testing in industry is conducted at the system level, most formal research has focused on the unit level. As a result, most system‐level testing techniques are only described informally. This paper presents formal testing criteria for system level testing that are based on formal specifications of the software. Software testing can only be formalized and quantified when a solid basis for test generation can be defined. Formal specifications represent a significant opportunity for testing because they precisely describe what functions the software is supposed to provide in a form that can be automatically manipulated.
This paper presents general criteria for generating test inputs from state‐based specifications. The criteria include techniques for generating tests at several levels of ion for specifications (transition predicates, transitions, pairs of transitions and sequences of transitions). These techniques provide coverage criteria that are based on the specifications and are made up of several parts, including test prefixes that contain inputs necessary to put the software into the appropriate state for the test values. The test generation process includes several steps for transforming specifications to tests. These criteria have been applied to a case study to compare their ability to detect seeded faults. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| AbstractList | Although the majority of software testing in industry is conducted at the system level, most formal research has focused on the unit level. As a result, most system‐level testing techniques are only described informally. This paper presents formal testing criteria for system level testing that are based on formal specifications of the software. Software testing can only be formalized and quantified when a solid basis for test generation can be defined. Formal specifications represent a significant opportunity for testing because they precisely describe what functions the software is supposed to provide in a form that can be automatically manipulated.
This paper presents general criteria for generating test inputs from state‐based specifications. The criteria include techniques for generating tests at several levels of ion for specifications (transition predicates, transitions, pairs of transitions and sequences of transitions). These techniques provide coverage criteria that are based on the specifications and are made up of several parts, including test prefixes that contain inputs necessary to put the software into the appropriate state for the test values. The test generation process includes several steps for transforming specifications to tests. These criteria have been applied to a case study to compare their ability to detect seeded faults. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Although the majority of software testing in industry is conducted at the system level, most formal research has focused on the unit level. As a result, most system‐level testing techniques are only described informally. This paper presents formal testing criteria for system level testing that are based on formal specifications of the software. Software testing can only be formalized and quantified when a solid basis for test generation can be defined. Formal specifications represent a significant opportunity for testing because they precisely describe what functions the software is supposed to provide in a form that can be automatically manipulated. This paper presents general criteria for generating test inputs from state‐based specifications. The criteria include techniques for generating tests at several levels of abstraction for specifications (transition predicates, transitions, pairs of transitions and sequences of transitions). These techniques provide coverage criteria that are based on the specifications and are made up of several parts, including test prefixes that contain inputs necessary to put the software into the appropriate state for the test values. The test generation process includes several steps for transforming specifications to tests. These criteria have been applied to a case study to compare their ability to detect seeded faults. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| Author | Liu, Shaoying Offutt, Jeff Abdurazik, Aynur Ammann, Paul |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jeff surname: Offutt fullname: Offutt, Jeff email: ofut@ise.gmu.edu organization: ISE Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, U.S.A – sequence: 2 givenname: Shaoying surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Shaoying organization: Faculty of Information Sciences, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Aynur surname: Abdurazik fullname: Abdurazik, Aynur organization: ISE Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, U.S.A – sequence: 4 givenname: Paul surname: Ammann fullname: Ammann, Paul organization: ISE Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, U.S.A |
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| References | Zweben SH, Heym WD, Kimmich J. Systematic testing of data abstractions based on software specifications. Software Testing, Verification, and Reliability 1992; 1(4):39-55. Faulk S, Brackett J, Ward P, Kirby J. The CoRE method for real-time requirements. IEEE Software 1992; 9(5):22-33. Frankl PG, Weyuker EJ. An applicable family of data flow testing criteria. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1988; 14(10):1483-1498. DeMillo RA, Offutt AJ. Constraint-based automatic test data generation. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1991; 17(9):900-910. Stocks P, Carrington D. A framework for specification-based testing. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1996; 22(11):777-793. Kuhn DR. Fault classes and error detection capability of specification-based testing. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 1999; 8(4):411-424. Rational Software Corporation. Rational Rose 98: Using Rational Rose. Rational Rose Corporation: Cupertino, CA, 1998. Gannon J, McMullin P, Hamlet R. Data-abstraction implementation, specification, and testing. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 1981; 3(3):211-223. Hayes IJ. Specification directed module testing. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1986; 12(1):124-133. Jalote P. Specification and testing of abstract data types. Computer Language 1992; 17(1):75-82. Offutt J, Liu S. Generating test data from SOFL specifications. The Journal of Systems and Software 1999; 49(1):49-62. Akers SB. On a theory of boolean functions. Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 1959; 7(4):487-498. Laycock G. Formal specification and testing: A case study. Software Testing, Verification, and Reliability 1992; 2(1):7-23. Liu S, Offutt AJ, Ho-Stuart C, Sun Y, Ohba M. SOFL: A formal engineering methodology for industrial applications. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1998; 24(1):337-344. Special Issue on Formal Methods. Weyuker E, Goradia T, Singh A. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1994; 20(5):353-363. Binder RV. Testing Object-oriented Systems. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.: New York, 2000. Kemmerer RA. Testing formal specifications to detect design errors. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1985; 11(1):32-43. Hierons RM. Testing from a Z specification. Software Testing, Verification, and Reliability 1997; 7(1):19-33. Chilenski JJ, Miller SP. Applicability of modified condition/decision coverage to software testing. Software Engineering Journal 1994; 9(5):193-200. Bougé L, Choquet N, Fribourg L, Gaudel M-C. Test sets generation from algebraic specifications using logic programming. The Journal of Systems and Software 1986; 6(4):343-360. Bernot G, Gaudel MC, Marre B. Software testing based on formal specifications: A theory and a tool. Software Engineering Journal 1991; 6(6):387-405. Chow T. 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| References_xml | – reference: Hayes IJ. Specification directed module testing. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1986; 12(1):124-133. – reference: Chilenski JJ, Miller SP. Applicability of modified condition/decision coverage to software testing. Software Engineering Journal 1994; 9(5):193-200. – reference: Bougé L, Choquet N, Fribourg L, Gaudel M-C. Test sets generation from algebraic specifications using logic programming. The Journal of Systems and Software 1986; 6(4):343-360. – reference: Fujiwara S, Bochman G, Khendek F, Amalou M, Ghedasmi A. Test selection based on finite state models. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1991; 17(6):591-603. – reference: Gannon J, McMullin P, Hamlet R. Data-abstraction implementation, specification, and testing. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 1981; 3(3):211-223. – reference: Carrington D, MacColl I, McDonald J, Murray L, Strooper P. From Object-Z specifications to ClassBench test suites. Software Testing, Verification, and Reliability 2000; 10(2):111-137. – reference: Derrick J, Boiten E. Testing refinements of state-based formal specifications. Software Testing, Verification, and Reliability 1999; 9(1):27-50. – reference: Weyuker E, Goradia T, Singh A. Automatically generating test data from a boolean specification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1994; 20(5):353-363. – reference: Faulk S, Brackett J, Ward P, Kirby J. The CoRE method for real-time requirements. IEEE Software 1992; 9(5):22-33. – reference: Bernot G, Gaudel MC, Marre B. Software testing based on formal specifications: A theory and a tool. Software Engineering Journal 1991; 6(6):387-405. – reference: Akers SB. On a theory of boolean functions. Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 1959; 7(4):487-498. – reference: Laycock G. Formal specification and testing: A case study. Software Testing, Verification, and Reliability 1992; 2(1):7-23. – reference: DeMillo RA, Offutt AJ. Constraint-based automatic test data generation. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1991; 17(9):900-910. – reference: Liu S, Offutt AJ, Ho-Stuart C, Sun Y, Ohba M. SOFL: A formal engineering methodology for industrial applications. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1998; 24(1):337-344. Special Issue on Formal Methods. – reference: Atlee JM, Gannon J. State-based model checking of event-driven system requirements. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1993; 19(1):24-40. – reference: Frankl PG, Weyuker EJ. An applicable family of data flow testing criteria. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1988; 14(10):1483-1498. – reference: Chow T. Testing software designs modeled by finite-state machines. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1978; 4(3):178-187. – reference: Henninger K. Specifying software requirements for complex systems: New techniques and their applications. 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