Heat Adaptation and Nutrition Practices: Athlete and Practitioner Knowledge and Use

To survey elite athletes and practitioners to identify (1) knowledge and application of heat acclimation/acclimatization (HA) interventions, (2) barriers to HA application, and (3) nutritional practices supporting HA. Elite athletes (n = 55) and practitioners (n = 99) completed an online survey. Man...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of sports physiology and performance Vol. 17; no. 7; p. 1011
Main Authors: Alabdulwahed, Salma, Galán-López, Natalia, Hill, Tom, James, Lewis J, Chrismas, Bryna Catherine Rose, Racinais, Sebastien, Stellingwerff, Trent, Leal, Diogo V, Hausen, Matheus, Chamari, Karim, Fullagar, Hugh H K, Esh, Christopher, Taylor, Lee
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.07.2022
Subjects:
Acclimatization
Athletes
Body Temperature
Hot Temperature
Humans
Thermotolerance
barriers
application
heat acclimation
hydration
heat strategy
perception
ISSN:1555-0273, 1555-0273
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:To survey elite athletes and practitioners to identify (1) knowledge and application of heat acclimation/acclimatization (HA) interventions, (2) barriers to HA application, and (3) nutritional practices supporting HA. Elite athletes (n = 55) and practitioners (n = 99) completed an online survey. Mann-Whitney U tests (effect size [ES; r]) assessed differences between ROLE (athletes vs practitioners) and CLIMATE (hot vs temperate). Logistic regression and Pearson chi-square (ES Phi [ϕ]) assessed relationships. Practitioners were more likely to report measuring athletes' core temperature (training: practitioners 40% [athletes 15%]; P = .001, odds ratio = 4.0, 95% CI, 2%-9%; competition: practitioners 25% [athletes 9%]; P = .020, odds ratio = 3.4, 95% CI, 1%-10%). Practitioners (55% [15% athletes]) were more likely to perceive rectal as the gold standard core temperature measurement site (P = .013, ϕ = .49, medium ES). Temperate (57% [22% hot]) CLIMATE dwellers ranked active HA effectiveness higher (P < .001, r = .30, medium ES). Practitioners commonly identified athletes' preference (48%), accessibility, and cost (both 47%) as barriers to HA. Increasing carbohydrate intake when training in the heat was more likely recommended by practitioners (49%) than adopted by athletes (26%; P = .006, 95% CI, 0.1%-1%). Practitioners (56% [28% athletes]) were more likely to plan athletes' daily fluid strategies, adopting a preplanned approach (P = .001; 95% CI, 0.1%-1%). Practitioners, and to a greater extent athletes, lacked self-reported key HA knowledge (eg, core temperature assessment/monitoring methods) yet demonstrated comparatively more appropriate nutritional practices (eg, hydration).
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ISSN:1555-0273
1555-0273
DOI:10.1123/ijspp.2021-0462