The influence of pH on the in vitro permeation of rhodium through human skin

Workers in precious metals refineries are at risk of exposure to salt compounds of the platinum group metals through inhalation, as well as through the skin. Rhodium salt permeation through the skin has previously been proven using rhodium trichloride (RhCl ) dissolved in synthetic sweat at a pH of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxicology and industrial health Vol. 33; no. 6; p. 487
Main Authors: Jansen Van Rensburg, Sané, Franken, Anja, Du Plessis, Jeanetta, Du Plessis, Johannes Lodewykus
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 01.06.2017
Subjects:
Adult
Environmental Exposure
European Continental Ancestry Group
Female
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
In Vitro Techniques
Rhodium - metabolism
Skin - drug effects
Skin - metabolism
Skin Absorption - drug effects
Franz diffusion cells
occupational health
platinum group metals
rhodium trichloride
permeability
ISSN:1477-0393, 1477-0393
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Workers in precious metals refineries are at risk of exposure to salt compounds of the platinum group metals through inhalation, as well as through the skin. Rhodium salt permeation through the skin has previously been proven using rhodium trichloride (RhCl ) dissolved in synthetic sweat at a pH of 6.5. However, the skin surface pH of refinery workers may be lower than 6.5. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pH 6.5 and 4.5 on the in vitro permeation of rhodium through intact Caucasian skin using Franz diffusion cells. A concentration of 0.3 mg mL rhodium was used and analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Results indicated a cumulative increase in permeation over 24 h. Rhodium permeation after 12 h was significantly greater at pH 4.5 (1.56 ± 0.24 ng cm ) than at 6.5 (0.85 ± 0.13 ng cm ; p = 0.02). At both pH levels, there was a highly significant difference ( p < 0.01) between the mass of rhodium remaining in the skin (1428.68 ± 224.67 ng cm at pH 4.5 and 1029.90 ± 115.96 ng cm at pH 6.5) and the mass that diffused through (0.88 ± 0.17 ng cm at pH 4.5 and 0.62 ± 0.10 ng cm at pH 6.5). From these findings, it is evident that an acidic working environment or low skin surface pH may enhance permeation of rhodium salts, contributing to sensitization and adverse health effects.
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ISSN:1477-0393
1477-0393
DOI:10.1177/0748233716675218