Environmental threats and conservation implications for Atlantic salmon and brown trout during their critical freshwater phases of spawning, egg development and juvenile emergence

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. and brown trout Salmo trutta fario L. are species of high socio‐economic and ecological value. Declining populations make them target species of fisheries management. This paper reviews the direct effects of deficient longitudinal connectivity, changes in discharge, hi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fisheries management and ecology Vol. 28; no. 5; pp. 437 - 467
Main Authors: Smialek, Nicole, Pander, Joachim, Geist, Juergen
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.10.2021
Subjects:
administrative management
Autecology
climate change
Conservation
Depletion
ecological value
Economics
egg incubation
Eggs
Emergence
Environmental impact
Fish conservation
Fisheries
Fisheries management
Fishery management
Freshwater
Freshwater fishes
High temperature
hydrochemistry
Incubation period
Inland water environment
juveniles
Marine fishes
oxygen
Oxygen depletion
Population decline
Restoration
river restoration
Salmo salar
Salmo trutta
Salmon
sediments
socioeconomics
Spawning
spawning ground
Species
Threat evaluation
Tolerances
Tolerances (dimensional)
Trout
Water chemistry
Water discharge
Water temperature
ISSN:0969-997X, 1365-2400
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. and brown trout Salmo trutta fario L. are species of high socio‐economic and ecological value. Declining populations make them target species of fisheries management. This paper reviews the direct effects of deficient longitudinal connectivity, changes in discharge, high water temperatures, oxygen depletion, changes in water chemistry and increasing loads of fine sediment on the critical life stages of spawning, egg incubation and emergence. It further provides an overview about the basic autecological requirements of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and summarises important thresholds of physico‐chemical tolerances. This collection of information provides important baselines for assessing historical, ongoing and new threats relevant for the management of both species in fresh waters. Critical early‐life stages of both species are almost identical, creating synergies in conservation and restoration. Seaward‐migrating forms are exposed to further stressors, but improving starting conditions can also greatly improve their resilience.
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ISSN:0969-997X
1365-2400
DOI:10.1111/fme.12507