The Multiscale TROPIcal CatchmentS critical zone observatory M‐TROPICS dataset III: Hydro‐geochemical monitoring of the Mule Hole catchment, south India

Despite the importance of tropical ecosystems for climate regulation, biodiversity, water and nutrient cycles, only a few Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) are located in the tropics. Among these, most are in humid climates, while very few data exist for semi‐arid and sub‐humid climates, due to the...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Hydrological processes Jg. 35; H. 5
Hauptverfasser:	Riotte, Jean, Ruiz, Laurent, Audry, Stéphane, Baud, Benjamin, Bedimo Bedimo, Jean‐Pierre, Boithias, Laurie, Braun, Jean‐Jacques, Dupré, Bernard, Duprey, Jean‐Louis, Faucheux, Mikael, Lagane, Christelle, Marechal, Jean‐Christophe, Moger, Hemanth, Mohan Kumar, Mandalagiri Subbarayappa, Parate, Harshad, Ribolzi, Olivier, Rochelle‐Newall, Emma, Sriramulu, Buvaneshwari, Varma, Murari, Sekhar, Muddu
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.2021 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc Wiley
Schlagworte:	Air temperature Annual variations Arid climates Aridity Biodiversity Biogeochemical cycle Biogeochemical cycles Biogeochemistry Biosphere calibration Catchments Chemical composition Climatic conditions conservation areas Data data collection Datasets Deciduous forests dry forest Dry forests Earth Sciences Ecosystems Ephemeral streams evolution Forest ecosystems Forests Geochemistry Geology Global radiation Groundwater groundwater level Groundwater levels Groundwater recharge Groundwater storage Humid climates Hydrogeology Hydrology India Interannual variations Meteorology Nutrient cycles Observatories Piezometers Rain Rainfall Relative humidity Rivers Sciences of the Universe south India Storms Stream discharge Stream flow suspended sediment Suspended sediments Time series time series analysis Tropical climates Tropical environments tropics water chemistry Water discharge Water levels Watersheds weathering Wildlife Wind speed India INDE
ISSN:	0885-6087, 1099-1085
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Zusammenfassung:	Despite the importance of tropical ecosystems for climate regulation, biodiversity, water and nutrient cycles, only a few Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) are located in the tropics. Among these, most are in humid climates, while very few data exist for semi‐arid and sub‐humid climates, due to the difficulty of estimating hydro‐geochemical balances in catchments with ephemeral streams. We contribute to fill this gap by presenting a meteorological and hydro‐geochemical dataset acquired at the Mule Hole catchment (4.1 km2), a pristine dry deciduous forest located in a biosphere reserve in south India. The dataset consists of time series of variables related to (i) meteorology, including rainfall, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, and global radiation, (ii) hydrology, including water level and discharge at the catchment outlet, (iii) hydrogeology, including manual (monthly) and/or automated (from 15 min to hourly) groundwater levels in nine piezometers and (iv) geochemistry, including suspended sediment content in the stream and chemical composition of rainfall (event based), groundwater (monthly sampling) and stream water (storm events, 15 min to hourly frequency with an automatic sampler). The time series extend from 2003 to 2019. Measurement errors are minimized by frequent calibration of sensors and quality checks, both in the field and in the laboratory. Despite these precautions, several data gaps exist, due to occasional access restriction to the site and instrument destruction by wildlife. Results show that large seasonal and interannual variations of climatic conditions were reflected in the large variations of stream flow and groundwater recharge, as well as in water chemical composition. Notably, they reveal a long‐term evolution of groundwater storage, suggesting hydrogeological cycles on a decadal scale. This dataset, alone or in combination with other data, has already allowed to better understand water and element cycling in tropical dry forests, and the role of forest diversity on biogeochemical cycles. As tropical ecosystems are underrepresented by Critical Zone Observatories, we expect this data note to be valuable for the global scientific community. This datanote presents the meteorological and hydro‐geochemical dataset of a sub‐humid tropical catchment in south India, Mule Hole, which is covered by a pristine dry deciduous forest. The monitoring, initiated in 2003, allowed to calculate annual water and biogeochemical budgets. It contributed to reveal the role of monsoon decadal fluctuations and vegetation on the critical zone functioning in this ecosystem.
Bibliographie:	Harshad Parate, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India. Murari R. R. Varma, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Hyderabad, India. Present address ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	0885-6087 1099-1085
DOI:	10.1002/hyp.14196