Tritium Transport Modeling at the Pore Scale in Ceramic Breeder Materials Using TMAP8

Fusion reactors depend on the blanket material to breed and release tritium at the same rate or faster than it is consumed by the fusion reaction. Cellular ceramic breeders (CCBs) are dense materials that can maintain a high tritium breeding ratio while promoting tritium release because of highly co...

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Published in:	IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol. 50; no. 11; pp. 4465 - 4471
Main Authors:	Simon, Pierre-Clement A., Humrickhouse, Paul W., Lindsay, Alexander D.
Format:	Journal Article Conference Proceeding
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01.11.2022 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	08 - HYDROGEN 70 - PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY Absorption Blankets (fusion reactors) Breeder reactors Breeding Calibration Cellular ceramic breeder (CCB) materials Ceramic Breeder Materials Ceramics Computational modeling Data models Deuterium Fusion Fusion reactors fusion technology MATERIALS SCIENCE mechanistic modeling Mesoscale Modeling mesoscale simulation Modelling NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS Object oriented modeling Predictive models Sensitivity Analysis Surface chemistry Surface reactions TMAP8 Tritium tritium breeding ratio tritium population Tritium transport
ISSN:	0093-3813, 1939-9375
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Abstract	Fusion reactors depend on the blanket material to breed and release tritium at the same rate or faster than it is consumed by the fusion reaction. Cellular ceramic breeders (CCBs) are dense materials that can maintain a high tritium breeding ratio while promoting tritium release because of highly connected pores. Assessing the tritium breeding capabilities of these materials requires a combination of extensive experimental and modeling efforts. In this work, we develop and calibrate a multiphysics model of tritium transport. This novel model accounts for ceramic and pore diffusion, trapping and detrapping, and several surface reactions at the pore surface. We perform a sensitivity analysis and calibrate the model by comparing its predictions against experimental measurements of deuterium absorption. The calibrated model is then used to model tritium absorption in samples with different pore microstructures to investigate the effect of pore interconnectivity on tritium absorption. The model is part of the development of the multiscale, multiphysics framework for tritium transport [i.e., the Tritium Migration Analysis Program (TMAP8)], which is itself built on top of the finite-element multiphysics framework multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment (MOOSE). This study demonstrates some of TMAP8's capabilities and is the first step toward assessing the tritium breeding capabilities of ceramic breeder material designs.
AbstractList	Due to the scarcity of long-term external tritium supply, future fusion reactors must rely on the blanket material to breed tritium at the same rate or faster than it is consumed. Developing a compact blanket material able to maintain a high tritium breeding ratio (TBR) would ease some of the constraints in fusion reactor design. The U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) identified the Cellular Ceramic Breeder (CCB) as a potentially transformative enabling tritium fuel cycle technology. Thanks to new fabrication processes, the CCB can achieve >90% theoretical density and therefore a higher tritium breeding ratio than pebble bed ceramic breeders, while maintaining a network of highly interconnected pores that facilitate tritium release. However, the complex mechanisms governing tritium release are not fully understood. In this work, we develop a multiphysics model for tritium transport on the scale of the pores of the breeder material. The model includes intergranular diffusion and grain boundary diffusion, accounts for absorption/desorption mechanisms at the pore surface, and keeps track of the amount of tritium released by the material in different chemical forms. By accounting for these different physics, the model describes some of the tritium transport processes that cannot be adequately captured by simple diffusion models. Moreover, because the model is implemented in the finite element framework MOOSE, it can be used to analyze complex breeder material geometries. The ability to analyze complex multi-dimensional geometries will aid in understanding the advantages offered by the CCB, with its highly interconnected pores, compared to other types of ceramic materials; this comparison cannot be done with 1D models. The model described here is being developed as a part of the latest version of the Tritium Migration Analysis Program (TMAP8), a MOOSE-derived application. Fusion reactors depend on the blanket material to breed and release tritium at the same rate or faster than it is consumed by the fusion reaction. Cellular ceramic breeders (CCBs) are dense materials that can maintain a high tritium breeding ratio while promoting tritium release because of highly connected pores. Assessing the tritium breeding capabilities of these materials requires a combination of extensive experimental and modeling efforts. In this work, we develop and calibrate a multiphysics model of tritium transport. This novel model accounts for ceramic and pore diffusion, trapping and detrapping, and several surface reactions at the pore surface. We perform a sensitivity analysis and calibrate the model by comparing its predictions against experimental measurements of deuterium absorption. The calibrated model is then used to model tritium absorption in samples with different pore microstructures to investigate the effect of pore interconnectivity on tritium absorption. The model is part of the development of the multiscale, multiphysics framework for tritium transport [i.e., the Tritium Migration Analysis Program (TMAP8)], which is itself built on top of the finite-element multiphysics framework multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment (MOOSE). This study demonstrates some of TMAP8's capabilities and is the first step toward assessing the tritium breeding capabilities of ceramic breeder material designs.
Author	Lindsay, Alexander D. Humrickhouse, Paul W. Simon, Pierre-Clement A.
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Snippet	Fusion reactors depend on the blanket material to breed and release tritium at the same rate or faster than it is consumed by the fusion reaction. Cellular... Due to the scarcity of long-term external tritium supply, future fusion reactors must rely on the blanket material to breed tritium at the same rate or faster...
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SubjectTerms	08 - HYDROGEN 70 - PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY Absorption Blankets (fusion reactors) Breeder reactors Breeding Calibration Cellular ceramic breeder (CCB) materials Ceramic Breeder Materials Ceramics Computational modeling Data models Deuterium Fusion Fusion reactors fusion technology MATERIALS SCIENCE mechanistic modeling Mesoscale Modeling mesoscale simulation Modelling NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS Object oriented modeling Predictive models Sensitivity Analysis Surface chemistry Surface reactions TMAP8 Tritium tritium breeding ratio tritium population Tritium transport
Title	Tritium Transport Modeling at the Pore Scale in Ceramic Breeder Materials Using TMAP8
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