Why the Simple View of Reading Is Not Simplistic: Unpacking Component Skills of Reading Using a Direct and Indirect Effect Model of Reading (DIER)

Pathways of relations of language, cognitive, and literacy skills (i.e., working memory, vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, inference, comprehension monitoring, word reading, and listening comprehension) to reading comprehension were examined by comparing four variations of direct and indirect effec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific studies of reading Vol. 21; no. 4; pp. 310 - 333
Main Author: Kim, Young-Suk Grace
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Philadelphia Routledge 04.07.2017
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
Subjects:
Achievement Tests
Cognition
Cognitive Ability
Comprehension
Elementary School Students
English language
Grade 2
Grammar
Indirect effects
Inference
Inferences
Language
Language Skills
Listening Comprehension
Literacy
Literacy skills
Perspective Taking
Reading Comprehension
Reading Instruction
Short Term Memory
Skills
Vocabulary
Word Recognition
ISSN:1088-8438, 1532-799X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Pathways of relations of language, cognitive, and literacy skills (i.e., working memory, vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, inference, comprehension monitoring, word reading, and listening comprehension) to reading comprehension were examined by comparing four variations of direct and indirect effects model of reading. Results from 350 English-speaking second graders revealed that language and cognitive component skills had direct and indirect relations to listening comprehension, explaining 86% of variance. Word reading and listening comprehension completely mediated the relations of language and cognitive component skills to reading comprehension and explained virtually all the variance in reading comprehension. Total effects of component skills varied from small to substantial. The findings support the direct and indirect effects model of reading model and indicate that word reading and listening comprehension are upper-level skills that are built on multiple language and cognitive component skills, which have direct and indirect relations among themselves. The results underscore the importance of understanding nature of relations.
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ISSN:1088-8438
1532-799X
DOI:10.1080/10888438.2017.1291643