Therapeutic targeting of non-coding RNAs in cancer

The majority of the human genome encodes RNAs that do not code for proteins. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) affect normal expression of the genes, including oncogenes and tumour suppressive genes, which make them a new class of targets for drug development in cancer. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are...

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Veröffentlicht in:Biochemical journal Jg. 474; H. 24; S. 4219
Hauptverfasser: Slaby, Ondrej, Laga, Richard, Sedlacek, Ondrej
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England 15.12.2017
Schlagworte:
microRNA
cancer
long non-coding RNA
delivery systems
non-coding RNA
therapy
ISSN:1470-8728, 1470-8728
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Zusammenfassung:The majority of the human genome encodes RNAs that do not code for proteins. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) affect normal expression of the genes, including oncogenes and tumour suppressive genes, which make them a new class of targets for drug development in cancer. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most studied regulatory ncRNAs to date, and miRNA-targeted therapeutics have already reached clinical development, including the mimics of the tumour suppressive miRNAs miR-34 and miR-16, which reached phase I clinical trials for the treatment of liver cancer and mesothelioma, the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is increasingly being recognised. Here, we describe obstacles and advances in the development of ncRNA therapeutics and provide the comprehensive overview of the ncRNA chemistry and delivery technologies. Furthermore, we summarise recent knowledge on the biological functions of miRNAs and their involvement in carcinogenesis, and discuss the strategies of their therapeutic manipulation in cancer. We review also the emerging insights into the role of lncRNAs and their potential as targets for novel treatment paradigms. Finally, we provide the up-to-date summary of clinical trials involving miRNAs and future directions in the development of ncRNA therapeutics.
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ISSN:1470-8728
1470-8728
DOI:10.1042/BCJ20170079