Settling Accounts at the End of History: A Nonideal Approach to State Apologies

What are we to make of the fact that world leaders, such as Canada’s Justin Trudeau, have, within the last few decades, offered official apologies for a whole host of past injustices? Scholars have largely dealt with this phenomenon as a moral question, seeing in these expressions of contrition a ra...

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Vydáno v:	Political theory Ročník 50; číslo 5; s. 700 - 722
Hlavní autor:	Friedrich, Jasper
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.10.2022 SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
Témata:	Apologies Cynicism Disruption Foucauldian analysis Governmentality Hegemony Individualism Neoliberalism Politics Power Resentment Speech Speech acts State power Transgression Canada historical injustice Canada governmentality state apologies reconciliation
ISSN:	0090-5917, 1552-7476
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Abstract	What are we to make of the fact that world leaders, such as Canada’s Justin Trudeau, have, within the last few decades, offered official apologies for a whole host of past injustices? Scholars have largely dealt with this phenomenon as a moral question, seeing in these expressions of contrition a radical disruption of contemporary neoliberal individualism, a promise of a more humane world. Focusing on Canadian apology politics, this essay instead proposes a nonideal approach to state apologies, sidestepping questions of what they ought to do and focusing instead on their actual functioning as political acts. Through a sociologically informed speech act theory and Foucault’s work on power, apology is conceptualized as a speech act with an essentially relational nature. The state, through apologizing, reaffirms the norms governing its relationship to its subjects at a moment when a past transgression threatens to destabilize this relation. From a Foucauldian point of view, the state’s power inheres in the very stability of the state–citizen relation, and we should therefore see apologies as defensive moves to protect state hegemony. In the context of Western liberal democracies, such as Canada, apologies embody, rather than challenge, the logic of neoliberal governmentality by suggesting that everything, including resentment against the state, can be managed within the current status quo. Nevertheless, total cynicism about apology politics is not warranted. In many indigenous apology campaigners’ demands for contrition we see another side of apologies: their potential to bring about change by enacting counterhegemonic relations to the state.
AbstractList	What are we to make of the fact that world leaders, such as Canada’s Justin Trudeau, have, within the last few decades, offered official apologies for a whole host of past injustices? Scholars have largely dealt with this phenomenon as a moral question, seeing in these expressions of contrition a radical disruption of contemporary neoliberal individualism, a promise of a more humane world. Focusing on Canadian apology politics, this essay instead proposes a nonideal approach to state apologies, sidestepping questions of what they ought to do and focusing instead on their actual functioning as political acts. Through a sociologically informed speech act theory and Foucault’s work on power, apology is conceptualized as a speech act with an essentially relational nature. The state, through apologizing, reaffirms the norms governing its relationship to its subjects at a moment when a past transgression threatens to destabilize this relation. From a Foucauldian point of view, the state’s power inheres in the very stability of the state–citizen relation, and we should therefore see apologies as defensive moves to protect state hegemony. In the context of Western liberal democracies, such as Canada, apologies embody, rather than challenge, the logic of neoliberal governmentality by suggesting that everything, including resentment against the state, can be managed within the current status quo. Nevertheless, total cynicism about apology politics is not warranted. In many indigenous apology campaigners’ demands for contrition we see another side of apologies: their potential to bring about change by enacting counterhegemonic relations to the state.
Author	Friedrich, Jasper
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Cites_doi	10.1007/978-3-319-73860-4_9 10.1353/nai.2015.a635816 10.1017/CBO9780511581502 10.1111/j.1467-9760.2012.00418.x 10.7312/columbia/9780231173896.001.0001 10.1017/CBO9780511609213 10.2307/2183301 10.1080/11926422.2018.1461667 10.1007/978-94-007-5201-6_10 10.1057/9781137343727_12 10.1080/13698230.2011.640810 10.1080/01436597.2017.1401922 10.1111/j.1467-9191.2010.00362.x 10.1177/0967010611431095 10.1016/j.langcom.2016.07.003 10.1177/0263276409347697 10.1017/CBO9780511756252 10.1080/136980100427298 10.5325/philrhet.49.4.0459 10.1080/13621025.2011.549698 10.1017/CBO9780511488856 10.1177/00223433211024696 10.2307/2564683 10.1075/aic.6.02vil
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Snippet	What are we to make of the fact that world leaders, such as Canada’s Justin Trudeau, have, within the last few decades, offered official apologies for a whole...
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SubjectTerms	Apologies Cynicism Disruption Foucauldian analysis Governmentality Hegemony Individualism Neoliberalism Politics Power Resentment Speech Speech acts State power Transgression
Title	Settling Accounts at the End of History: A Nonideal Approach to State Apologies
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