Determination of bifonazole and identification of its photocatalytic degradation products using UPLC‐MS/MS

The main goal of the presented work was to investigate the effect of ZnO or/and TiO2 on the stability of bifonazole in solutions under UVA irradiation. To this end, a simple and reproducible UPLC method for the determination of bifonazole in the presence of its photocatalytic degradation products wa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedical chromatography Vol. 31; no. 9
Main Authors: Kryczyk, Agata, Żmudzki, Paweł, Hubicka, Urszula
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 01.09.2017
Subjects:
bifonazole
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods
Imidazoles - analysis
Imidazoles - chemistry
Imidazoles - radiation effects
kinetic evaluation
Limit of Detection
Linear Models
photocatalytic degradation studies
Photolysis
photostability
Reproducibility of Results
Skin Cream - chemistry
Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods
TiO2
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry
Water Pollutants, Chemical - radiation effects
ZnO
photocatalytic degradation studies
ZnO
kinetic evaluation
photostability
bifonazole
TiO2
ISSN:0269-3879, 1099-0801
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The main goal of the presented work was to investigate the effect of ZnO or/and TiO2 on the stability of bifonazole in solutions under UVA irradiation. To this end, a simple and reproducible UPLC method for the determination of bifonazole in the presence of its photocatalytic degradation products was developed. Linearity was studied in the range of 0.0046–0.15 mg mL−1 with a determination coefficient of 0.9996. Bifonazole underwent a photocatalytic degradation process under the experimental conditions used. Comparative studies showed that combination of TiO2/ZnO (1:1 w/w) was a more effective catalyst than TiO2 or ZnO with a degradation rate of up to 67.57% after 24 h of irradiation. Further, kinetic analyses indicated that the photocatalytic degradation of bifonazole in the mixture of TiO2/ZnO can be described by a pseudo‐first order reaction. Statistical comparison clearly indicated that the presence of TiO2/ZnO also affected the stability of bifonazole from a cream preparation after 15 h of UVA exposure (p < 0.05). Ten photodegradation products of bifonazole were identified for the first time and their plausible fragmentation pathways, derived from MS/MS data, were proposed. The main pathway in the photocatalytic transformation of bifonazole in the presence of ZnO or/and TiO2 involves hydroxylation of the methanetriyl group and/or adjacent phenyl rings and cleavage of the imidazole moiety.
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ISSN:0269-3879
1099-0801
DOI:10.1002/bmc.3955