Insights gained through real-time monitoring of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and description of temporal trends based on laboratory data in Ontario, Canada
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent pathogen that impacts the health of swine and is costly to the swine industry. This study utilized PRRSV test results from the University of Guelph's Animal Health Laboratory database to develop interactive, real-time da...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Frontiers in veterinary science Jg. 12; S. 1528422 |
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| Abstract | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent pathogen that impacts the health of swine and is costly to the swine industry. This study utilized PRRSV test results from the University of Guelph's Animal Health Laboratory database to develop interactive, real-time dashboards and to monitor and investigate PRRSV data. The test results from Ontario swine herd samples submitted from January 2014 to July 2023 were processed in R v.4.1.1. The final optimized, aggregated, and anonymized datasets were exported to the Tableau server and were used to design dynamic real-time visualizations with Tableau Desktop v.2021.4. Constructed dashboards were: (1) monthly number of submissions and positive submissions over the last 10 years; (2) number of submissions and positive submissions over the last 3 years, interactively displayed at weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals; (3) monthly number of PRRSV restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern (RFLP) types at the submission level over the last 5 years; (4) weekly number of tested farms and positive farms over the last 6 Years; (5) monthly number of tested farms and positive farms over the last 6 Years; (6) indicators of the epidemiological data quality in each month; and (7) contextual information. Eighty different PRRSV RFLP patterns were identified with the predominant patterns being 1-8-4, 1-1-1, 1-4-2, and 2-5-2. Most farms contributed one submission per week or per month for PRRSV testing (median: 1 submission per week; IQR: 0; max: 13; median: 1 submission per month; IQR: 1, max: 31). Epidemiological data quality showed considerable improvements over the 9 years of investigation. Apparent changes in trends of submissions were visually observed when time series were stratified by reasons for submission and production class. |
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| AbstractList | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent pathogen that impacts the health of swine and is costly to the swine industry. This study utilized PRRSV test results from the University of Guelph's Animal Health Laboratory database to develop interactive, real-time dashboards and to monitor and investigate PRRSV data. The test results from Ontario swine herd samples submitted from January 2014 to July 2023 were processed in R v.4.1.1. The final optimized, aggregated, and anonymized datasets were exported to the Tableau server and were used to design dynamic real-time visualizations with Tableau Desktop v.2021.4. Constructed dashboards were: (1) monthly number of submissions and positive submissions over the last 10 years; (2) number of submissions and positive submissions over the last 3 years, interactively displayed at weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals; (3) monthly number of PRRSV restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern (RFLP) types at the submission level over the last 5 years; (4) weekly number of tested farms and positive farms over the last 6 Years; (5) monthly number of tested farms and positive farms over the last 6 Years; (6) indicators of the epidemiological data quality in each month; and (7) contextual information. Eighty different PRRSV RFLP patterns were identified with the predominant patterns being 1-8-4, 1-1-1, 1-4-2, and 2-5-2. Most farms contributed one submission per week or per month for PRRSV testing (median: 1 submission per week; IQR: 0; max: 13; median: 1 submission per month; IQR: 1, max: 31). Epidemiological data quality showed considerable improvements over the 9 years of investigation. Apparent changes in trends of submissions were visually observed when time series were stratified by reasons for submission and production class.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent pathogen that impacts the health of swine and is costly to the swine industry. This study utilized PRRSV test results from the University of Guelph's Animal Health Laboratory database to develop interactive, real-time dashboards and to monitor and investigate PRRSV data. The test results from Ontario swine herd samples submitted from January 2014 to July 2023 were processed in R v.4.1.1. The final optimized, aggregated, and anonymized datasets were exported to the Tableau server and were used to design dynamic real-time visualizations with Tableau Desktop v.2021.4. Constructed dashboards were: (1) monthly number of submissions and positive submissions over the last 10 years; (2) number of submissions and positive submissions over the last 3 years, interactively displayed at weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals; (3) monthly number of PRRSV restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern (RFLP) types at the submission level over the last 5 years; (4) weekly number of tested farms and positive farms over the last 6 Years; (5) monthly number of tested farms and positive farms over the last 6 Years; (6) indicators of the epidemiological data quality in each month; and (7) contextual information. Eighty different PRRSV RFLP patterns were identified with the predominant patterns being 1-8-4, 1-1-1, 1-4-2, and 2-5-2. Most farms contributed one submission per week or per month for PRRSV testing (median: 1 submission per week; IQR: 0; max: 13; median: 1 submission per month; IQR: 1, max: 31). Epidemiological data quality showed considerable improvements over the 9 years of investigation. Apparent changes in trends of submissions were visually observed when time series were stratified by reasons for submission and production class. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent pathogen that impacts the health of swine and is costly to the swine industry. This study utilized PRRSV test results from the University of Guelph's Animal Health Laboratory database to develop interactive, real-time dashboards and to monitor and investigate PRRSV data. The test results from Ontario swine herd samples submitted from January 2014 to July 2023 were processed in R v.4.1.1. The final optimized, aggregated, and anonymized datasets were exported to the Tableau server and were used to design dynamic real-time visualizations with Tableau Desktop v.2021.4. Constructed dashboards were: (1) monthly number of submissions and positive submissions over the last 10 years; (2) number of submissions and positive submissions over the last 3 years, interactively displayed at weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly intervals; (3) monthly number of PRRSV restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern (RFLP) types at the submission level over the last 5 years; (4) weekly number of tested farms and positive farms over the last 6 Years; (5) monthly number of tested farms and positive farms over the last 6 Years; (6) indicators of the epidemiological data quality in each month; and (7) contextual information. Eighty different PRRSV RFLP patterns were identified with the predominant patterns being 1-8-4, 1-1-1, 1-4-2, and 2-5-2. Most farms contributed one submission per week or per month for PRRSV testing (median: 1 submission per week; IQR: 0; max: 13; median: 1 submission per month; IQR: 1, max: 31). Epidemiological data quality showed considerable improvements over the 9 years of investigation. Apparent changes in trends of submissions were visually observed when time series were stratified by reasons for submission and production class. |
| Author | Poljak, Zvonimir Spinato, Maria Petukhova, Tatiana Rossi, Tanya Bauman, Cathy A. Nelson-Smikle, Pauline Ojkic, Davor Guerin, Michele T. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada 2 Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada – name: 1 Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tatiana surname: Petukhova fullname: Petukhova, Tatiana – sequence: 2 givenname: Maria surname: Spinato fullname: Spinato, Maria – sequence: 3 givenname: Tanya surname: Rossi fullname: Rossi, Tanya – sequence: 4 givenname: Michele T. surname: Guerin fullname: Guerin, Michele T. – sequence: 5 givenname: Cathy A. surname: Bauman fullname: Bauman, Cathy A. – sequence: 6 givenname: Pauline surname: Nelson-Smikle fullname: Nelson-Smikle, Pauline – sequence: 7 givenname: Davor surname: Ojkic fullname: Ojkic, Davor – sequence: 8 givenname: Zvonimir surname: Poljak fullname: Poljak, Zvonimir |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39944185$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2025 Petukhova, Spinato, Rossi, Guerin, Bauman, Nelson-Smikle, Ojkic and Poljak. Copyright © 2025 Petukhova, Spinato, Rossi, Guerin, Bauman, Nelson-Smikle, Ojkic and Poljak. 2025 Petukhova, Spinato, Rossi, Guerin, Bauman, Nelson-Smikle, Ojkic and Poljak |
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| Keywords | swine infectious respiratory disease epidemiological data quality porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus real time interactive visualizations farm restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern disease surveillance |
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| License | Copyright © 2025 Petukhova, Spinato, Rossi, Guerin, Bauman, Nelson-Smikle, Ojkic and Poljak. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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| References | Petukhova (B8) 2023; 35 B25 Wesley (B12) 1998; 10 Trevisan (B9) 2021; 33 Silva (B6) 2017; 148 Linhares (B1) 2014; 116 Zhang (B21) 2023; 29 Trevisan (B23) 2019; 5 Mazeri (B18) 2021; 118 Shi (B30) 2010; 84 B10 B13 Corzo (B2) 2010; 154 B14 Osemeke (B4) 2022; 30 B15 Petukhova (B34) 2021; 13 B16 B17 Reicks (B24) 2006; 14 Yim-im (B33) 2023; 11 Williams (B11) 1989; 32 B19 Zeller (B32) 2024; 11 Cai (B26); 14 B5 Melmer (B27) 2021; 85 B7 Lambert (B31) 2019; 74 Vilalta (B22) 2021; 186 Larochelle (B28) 2003; 96 Holtkamp (B3) 2021; 29 Miltenburg (B35) 2021; 33 Sobkowich (B20) 2023; 212 Gil-Lamaignere (B29) 2003; 9 |
| References_xml | – ident: B14 – ident: B10 – volume: 186 start-page: 105211 year: 2021 ident: B22 article-title: Assessing the litter level agreement of RT-PCR results for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in testicles, tails and udder wipes diagnostic samples relative to serum from piglets publication-title: Prev Vet Med doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105211 – volume: 13 start-page: 100338 year: 2021 ident: B34 article-title: The impact of the initial public health response to COVID-19 on swine health surveillance in Ontario publication-title: One Health doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100338 – volume: 33 start-page: 920 year: 2021 ident: B9 article-title: PRRSV2 genetic diversity defined by RFLP patterns in the United States from 2007 to 2019 publication-title: J Vet Diagn Invest. doi: 10.1177/10406387211027221 – ident: B7 – ident: B5 – ident: B25 – volume: 148 start-page: 89 year: 2017 ident: B6 article-title: Monitoring breeding herd production data to detect PRRSV outbreaks publication-title: Prev Vet Med doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.10.012 – volume: 9 start-page: 172 year: 2003 ident: B29 article-title: Molecular typing for fungi—a critical review of the possibilities and limitations of currently and future methods publication-title: Clini Microbiol Infect doi: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00649.x – volume: 84 start-page: 8700 year: 2010 ident: B30 article-title: Phylogeny-based evolutionary, demographical, and geographical dissection of North American type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses publication-title: J Virol doi: 10.1128/JVI.02551-09 – volume: 154 start-page: 185 year: 2010 ident: B2 article-title: Control and elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus publication-title: Virus Res doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.08.016 – ident: B16 – volume: 5 start-page: 1 year: 2019 ident: B23 article-title: Use of processing fluid samples for longitudinal monitoring of PRRS virus in herds undergoing virus elimination publication-title: Porcine Health Manag. doi: 10.1186/s40813-019-0125-x – volume: 74 start-page: 103999 year: 2019 ident: B31 article-title: Positioning Quebec ORF5 sequences of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) within Canada and worldwide diversity publication-title: Infect Genet Evol doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103999 – volume: 11 start-page: 23 year: 2023 ident: B33 article-title: Refining PRRSV-2 genetic classification based on global ORF5 sequences and investigation of their geographic distributions and temporal changes publication-title: Microbiol Spectr doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02916-23 – volume: 14 start-page: 35 year: 2006 ident: B24 article-title: Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in semen and serum of boars during the first six days after inoculation publication-title: J Swine Health Prod doi: 10.54846/jshap/428 – volume: 85 start-page: 83 year: 2021 ident: B27 article-title: Classification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Ontario using Bayesian phylogenetics and assessment of temporal trends publication-title: Can J Vet Res – volume: 212 start-page: 105853 year: 2023 ident: B20 article-title: Development and assessment of an epidemiologic dashboard for surveillance of Varroa destructor in Ontario apiaries publication-title: Prev Vet Med doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105853 – volume: 35 start-page: 727 year: 2023 ident: B8 article-title: Development of interactive dashboards for monitoring endemic animal pathogens in Ontario, Canada: Ontario interactive animal pathogen dashboards publication-title: J Vet Diagnost Investig doi: 10.1177/10406387231190076 – volume: 10 start-page: 140 year: 1998 ident: B12 article-title: Differentiation of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine strain from North American field strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ORF 5 publication-title: J Vet Diagn Invest doi: 10.1177/104063879801000204 – ident: B13 – volume: 29 start-page: 1037 year: 2023 ident: B21 article-title: Visualization design practices in a crisis: behind the scenes with COVID-19 dashboard creators publication-title: IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209493 – volume: 30 start-page: 145 year: 2022 ident: B4 article-title: Characterization of changes in productivity parameters as breeding herds transitioned through the 2021. 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| Title | Insights gained through real-time monitoring of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and description of temporal trends based on laboratory data in Ontario, Canada |
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