Role of vanadium redox flow batteries in the energy management system of isolated microgrids

•The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is incorporated in the energy management of IMGs.•A novel nonlinear model of VRFB is used in the EMS which is linearized by an efficient approach.•The results show the significant role of VRFB in dynamic and static frequency security enhancement of IMG using t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of energy storage Vol. 40; p. 102673
Main Authors: Mohiti, Maryam, Mazidi, Mohammadreza, Rezaei, Navid, Khooban, Mohammad-Hassan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2021
Subjects:
Dynamic and static frequency
Isolated microgrid
Linear model
Low inertia
Renewable energy
Vanadium redox flow batteries
Vanadium redox flow batteries
Isolated microgrid
Low inertia
Renewable energy
Dynamic and static frequency
Linear model
ISSN:2352-152X, 2352-1538
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:•The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is incorporated in the energy management of IMGs.•A novel nonlinear model of VRFB is used in the EMS which is linearized by an efficient approach.•The results show the significant role of VRFB in dynamic and static frequency security enhancement of IMG using the proposed EMS.•The increase in VRFB size represents a notable reduction in the operating cost of IMG using the proposed EMS. The small size of isolated microgrids (IMGs), high intermittency and fluctuations of renewable generations, and low inertia of distributed energy resources make the frequency an important factor in the operation of IMGs that should be managed considering technical and economic constraints. The fast response time and long lifecycle of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) make them a promising candidate for energy and frequency management of IMGs. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel energy management system (EMS) for IMGs which aims to optimize energy and reserve scheduling of VRFBs in coordination with droop controlled distributed generators. The objective of the EMS is to minimize the total operation cost of the IMG while dynamic and static frequency securities are preserved. In the proposed EMS, the hierarchical control structure of IMGs is precisely formulated and the VRFB is incorporated in the EMS to provide both energy and reserve in primary and secondary control levels. Moreover, to get accurate results, the nonlinear characteristics of VRFBs are considered in the developed model and linearized by an efficient approach. The proposed EMS is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming problem (MILP) that guarantees the global optimal solution. Case studies on a test IMG indicate that optimal coordination of VRFBs in energy and reserve scheduling can reduce the operation cost more than 11.67%.
ISSN:2352-152X
2352-1538
DOI:10.1016/j.est.2021.102673